Chemical Formulas
- Empirical Formula- The formula of the compound with the smallest whole number ratio of atoms
- Molecular Formula- Tells the number and type of atoms in a molecule
- Structural Formula- Shows the structure of a molecule and how the atoms are bonded or connected
- The smell of a compound is usually related to the structure of a molecule
- Molecules can have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas- these are called isomers
Functional Groups
Classification of Smells:
- Putrid- repulsive, gross
- Camphor- pungent, medicinal
- Sweet- flowery or fruity 🏳️🌈
- Minty- green herbal smell
- Fishy- very distinctive, like seafood
Organic Molecules contain a carbon backbone and one or more functional group
- Hydrocarbon- backbone for functional groups. They include:
- Alkanes- only single bonds
- Alkenes- contains double bonds
- Alkynes- contains triple bonds
- Functional group- a group of atoms bonded together in a specific way
- define the chemical and physical properties of a compound
Types of Functional Groups:
- Alcohol
- Functional group: -OH
- Smell: Camphor/Medicinal
- Compound names end in: -ol
- Amine
- Functional group: -N
- Smell: Fishy
- Compound names end in: -amine
- Carboxylic Acid
- Functional group: -COOH
- Smell: Putrid
- Compound names end in: -ic acid
- Ketone
- Functional group: -COOC
- Smell: Sweet
- Compound names end in: -one
- Amino Acids
- Contain two functional groups- amine and carboxylic acids
- Building blocks of protein
- "R" group: represents a sidechain
