- Waves
- Constructive - build up the beach, strong swash and weak backwash
- Destructive -destroy the beach, weak swash and strong backwash
- Freeze-thaw Weathering
- Water enters rocks
- It freezes
- Ice melts and goes deeper into the rock
- Happens many times and the cracks become bigger
- Biological Weathering
- Roots enter rocks
- Roots grow and make them wider
- Rock breaks away
- Chemical Weathering
- Acid in the rain and sea water dissolve the rocks
- Hydraulic Action - waves smash against the cliff causing it to breakdown
- Abrasion - pebels grind agaisnt each other and become smooth
- Attrition - rocks knock against each other causing them to break up
- Solution - sea water dissolves rocks
- Solution - dissolved materials are carried in the water
- Suspension - small rocks flow with the water
- Saltation - small rocks bounce along the sea bed
- Traction - larger rocks roll along the sea bed
- Longshore Drift
- Waves approach the sea at an angle due to the prevailing winds
- Swash carries material onto the beach
- This repeats in a zig zag formation causing a material build up
- Deposition - when waves drop materials onto the beach
- Bays - soft rock erodes quicker causing an inlet on the coast
- Headland - hard rock erodes slowly so it's left
- Wave Cut Platform - constant tide erodes the headland away leaving an indent
- Sea attacks base = wave cut notch
- Cliff collapses = wave cut platform
- Cliff retreats
- Cave, arch, stack, stump
- Destructive waves hit the headland causing the rocks to erode away, forming a cave
- Other processes happen and cause the cave to widen over time, forming an arch
- Waves hit the arch and small pieces of the rocks hit it causing cracks to form
- Gravity acts on the arch and it falls away, forming a stack
- Overtime, the stack erodes away leaving a stump
- Beaches - Made of eroded material that has been transported and deposited
- Spits
- Sediment is carried by longshore drift
- Where there's a change in shape, deposition happens, forming the spit
- Bars - a spit that's grown across the bay, joining to two headlands
