A microphone is a device that converts acoustic energy into electric energy. They utilize a moving surface or diaphragm to detect audio waves that pass through the microphone. The output is generally proportional to the amplitude or overall volume at which the audio wave first reaches the microphone. Throughout this chapter I'll share audio examples of each type of microphone. I want you to listen closely throughout the examples
Dynamic mics
- The dynamic microphone is based on a magnetic moving coil called a diaphragm. The way these work is when a sound wave passes through the diaphragm, it causes the coil to move within its magnetic field, which generates an electric voltage. High frequency sound waves carry less energy, making it harder for them to move the heavier diaphragm of a dynamic microphone. The direct result is a limited response in the upper frequencies. They typically don't require external power for operation. Dynamic microphones have a uni-directional cardioid pickup pattern, and are commonly used on sources such as drums, vocals, and electric guitars, because they can handle very high sound pressure levels.
Because they're highly durable and can withstand high gain before feedback, they're well suited for use in live sound. Now I'll list some of the most recognizable dynamic microphones. The Shure SM57 is commonly referred to as the workhorse, and was first introduced in 1965. You have most likely seen them used on snare drums and guitar amps in both live and studio use.
