* Annular solar eclipse- when moon covers small part of sun n it's rim is visible. Total solar eclipse - totally covers the eclipse.

Hybrid - sometimes cover full or partially depends where the observer is on the Earth.

Umbra - core part of Shadow where it covers Suns lights on Earth completely.

Panumbra - showed zone outside umbra area.

Patumbra - light area start from panumbra zone.

* Link btwn Atlantic Maridional Overturning circulation (AMOC) by a study.

For thousands of years, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has remained stable but in the last 15 years, signs show that AMOC may be slowing, which could have drastic consequences on the global climate. However due to high precipitation in Indian ocean it may help to stop or delay the process

Also known as Atlantic conveyor belt” — is one of the Earth’s largest water circulation systems where ocean currents move warm, salty water from the tropics to regions further north, such as western Europe and sends colder water south.

* Uranium mining in Nallamala forest tiger reserve.

Telangana state appose govt decision for uranium mining in Nallamala forest due to -

- it will affect the environment heavily as the drilling would b around 4k deep holes.

- chenchu tribes will be affected who live in Amrabad forest of nallamala forest.

- water contamination due to uranium including nagarjunasagar dam.

Uranium is major mineral n managed by Union govt under mines n minerals act,1957. Mangaed by Dept of atomic energy being a atomic energy.

Uranium mining in India - singhbhum copper belt (jharkhand) , udaiour, alwar n jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, Durg district of Chattisgarh, Bhandara district of MH n Kullu district of HP. Recently AP n Telangana btwn Seshachalam forest n sresailam.

Use - fuel for nuclear reactor n radioisotopes for medical appliances.

Nagarjunasagar-srisailam tiger reserve is largest tiger reserve belongs to nallamala forest. It also include Amrabad tiger reserve.

Chenchu - AP , TN, KA n Odisha.

* Vijayanagar - India's eastern most habituated village. Surrounded by Myanmar on 3 side.

Namdafa national Park- located btwn Myanmar and India.

only parked in the World to have the four Feline species of big cat namely the Tiger (Panthera Tigris), Leopard (Panthera Pardus), Snow Leopard (Panthera Uncia) and Clouded Leopard (Neofelis Nebulosa).
Hoolock Gibbons, the only ‘ape’ species found in India is found in this National Park.

* Saraswati paleochannel - Union Kal min has discovered Ancient Buried River” is around 4 km wide, 45 km long and consisted of a 15-meter-thick layer buried under the soil. It is discovered that this river has link with Ganga n Yamuna.

It will help the ministry for groundwater discharge of area n cleaning of Ganga river.

report has been prepared by the K.S. Valdiya Committee under the Ministry of Jal Shakti.

* Iran's new oil reserve in Khuzestan which is 2nd largest reserve of Iran after Ahavaz (capital of Khuzestan)

Iran has 4ty largest oil reserve after Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada.

It also has 2nd largest natural gas deposit after Russia.

* Recent study stated that an active and naturally occurring life cannot be sustained at Danakil, northeastern Ethiopia.

- due to magnesium dominated brines which cause cells to break down n high salt n low pH which make life very difficult.

- It is lowest place in the world, 100 mtrs below sea level made due to evaporation of inland water body.

- no water Comes out of danakil due to high evaporation n contains 10 lacs tonnes of salt.

* Catalonia - was autonomous state b4 Spainish civil war 1936-39 but after milatry ruler Francis Franco he Suppressed catlonian autonomy from 1939-75.

Now it is semi autonomous region of Iberian peninsula of Spain in North Eastern part which ask for independence. But since it contributes 20% GDP n 28% export n rich textile, investment in high technology Spain doesn't give it independence.

2017 referendum account 94% people voted for independence but voter turnout was only 43% n declared unconstitutional coz of violence.

* Seismic zones are divided on the basis on modified marcalli (1-12 scale,consider damage also) by Beauro of Indian standard (BIS).

59% parts of the country falls under seismic zones. Zone 1 and 2 are combined which is why it doesn't get mapped. Total 4 zone from 2 to 5.

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Cyclone formation in BoB

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