Energy

Energy

Elastic
1. Examples: Stretching a rubber band/ spring
2. What is it? Potential energy stored as a result of a deformation of an elastic object
3. How it's produced: Work is done on the object. F=KE
Sound
1. Examples: Any sound we hear
2. What is it? Quite often a waste product, sound energy is the energy associated with the vibration of matter, causing sound waves which create the sound we hear.
3. How its produced :Objects vibrating
Light
1. Examples: A light bulb, fire
2. What is it? Only form of energy we see directly
3. How it's produced: Through chemical, radiation and mechanical means.
Thermal
1. Examples: Kettles
2. What is it? Energy from heat
3. How it's produced: Particles vibrate faster causing them to heat up. Conductors can spread this vibration easily to carry heat
Kinetic
1. Examples: aeroplane in flight
2. What is it? Energy from motion
3. How is it produced: An object gains this energy from acceleration
4. Formula: 1/2 x mass x speed squared
Gravitational Potential Energy
1. Examples: A rock on the top of a hill
2. What is it? The energy resulting from position or place (being high up).
3. How it's produced: It is there because of gravity, GPE changes into kinetic energy. e.g a rock rolling down a hill.
4. Formula: GPE = Mass X Gravitational field strength X Height
Electrical
1. Examples: Pylons, PCs
2. What is it? It moves charged particles through a wire to create a current
3. How it's produced: Generated at power stations by electromechanical generates fueled by combustion, wind etc
Chemical
1. Examples: Batteries, food, fuels
2. What is it? Energy stored in the bonds of molecules.
3. How it's produced: Chemical energy is released in a chemical reaction when new bonds are made
Nuclear
1. Examples: Generating electricity
2. What is it? The energy released during nuclear fission or fusion
3. How it's produced: Relatively large atoms are split in controlled reactions, this produces heat which then heats water to create steam to turn a turbine
Non-renewable energy sources
1. Non renewable energy resources cannot be replaced as they are used up, so we will eventually run out.
2. Examples include Fossil fuels which can be used in energy generation, transport and heating
  1. Fossil Fuels produce greenhouse gases
  2. Fossil Fuels can be relied on at all times
3. Nuclear energy
  1. Atoms are split in a controlled environment, the heat created by this is used to heat water, making steam that turns a steam turbine to generate electricity.
  2. Can produce nuclear waste
Renewable energy sources
1. Renewable energy resources are ones that can be replaced as they are used up.
2. Solar
  1. Solar energy is generated by solar panels which convert sun's rays into electricity by exciting electrons in silicon cells using photons of light.
    1. Not always reliable
    2. Hardly any greenhouse gases
    3. Sustainable- sun should be around for a long time
    4. Needs lots of land- destroys habitats?
    5. Costy
    6. Accessible everywhere
3. Geothermal
  1. Geothermal energy generation uses heat energy below the earth's surface to heat water or working fluid the steam/working fluid is then used to turn a turbine- thus generating electricity.
    1. Costy
    2. can cause earthquakes
    3. small amount of pollution
    4. geothermal reservoirs are naturally replenished
4. Hydroelectricity
  1. Hydroelectricity plants capture falling water in turbines which convert their kinetic energy into electrical energy.
    1. Not polluting
    2. Reliable
    3. Safe- no fuel involved other than water
    4. May affect animals (and fish)
    5. Expensive
    6. Droughts inhibit it
    7. Limited reservoirs
5. The tides
  1. Large underwater turbines (tidal energy generators) capture kinetic movement of tides to generate electricity.
    1. No greenhouse gasses
    2. Reliable
    3. Can destroy habitats of animals/ wading birds
    4. Expensive
6. Wind
  1. Wind turbines are turned by the wind and are connected to generators which turn kinetic energy into electrical
    1. Cost effective
    2. No greenhouse gases
    3. Non reliable
    4. Threat to wildlife and people (birds especially)
    5. Noise + visual pollution
    6. Destroy habitats + expensive to set up
    7. Rapid growth
7. Biofuels
  1. Biofuels are used to replace fossil fuels. They are made up of plants and crops.
    1. Use up crops that would otherwise be food
    2. Renewable
Energy Transfers
1. Energy input-> Process -> Energy output
2. Sankey diagrams show all energy transfers taking place in a process
3. Mechanical :When a force moves through a distance (GPE->Kinetic)
  1. Electrical: When a charge moves through a potential difference
    1. By heating: because of temp difference
      1. By radiation/ waves: light, sound, microwaves
4. ENERGY CANNOT BE DESTROYED OR CREATED IT CAN ONLY CHANGE FORM

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