Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Congo- Secession of Katanaga
- What efforts did the Congo
make to end the secession of
Katanaga?
- Intro: Gov of Congo- force and negotiate, but failed.
The UN ceased it instead.
- Reason 1:
- 1.Tshombe announces independence,
Lamumba gets no military help.
- 2. Lumumba calls in UN
- 3. UN Sec. Gen Dag Hammarskgold
agrees to send troops to Congo.
- UN refuses to use force.
- Reason 2:
- 1. Lamumba then gets USSR support.
- 2. He needed weapons + vehicles.
- Americans fear (Cold War)
- Reason 3:
- 1. Congolese army not strong enough.
- 2. Different power groups.
- A) Central Gov. LV
- B) Tshombe, Katanga
- C) Lamumba, SV
- D) Kasai
- Reason 4:
- 1. Divisions, Kasavubu/ Lamumba
- Reason 5:
- Attempts at Negotiation:
- 1. Tananrive Conference 1961
- 2. Conquilhatcille Conference '61
- 3. Tshombe arrested at Conqui Conference. Released.
- 4.Kitona Agreement '61
- 5. Tshombe recongnised as central gov. But Kantagan ministers reject this.
- End:
- UN End Independence
- 1. Peace Keeping = Peace Forcing
- Why?
- 1. Lamumba had been executed. Katanga= blame.
- 2. Pres. Kennedy wanted one state.
- A) US want control of uranium and cobalt.
- i) Nuclear and Space Program
- NO COMMUNISTS!
- How?
- 1. Resolution 161, '61, UN authorised.
- 2. Operation Rumpunch, Aug '61,
round up mercenaries, failed.
- 3. Op. Morthor failed, Tshombe fled to Rhodesia. (Was for same thing)
- Resolution 169
- 1. Reject claim of Kantagan Indo. State.
Force agreed to be used.
- 2. Op. Unokat undertaken which results
in talks with TS but failed after 1 year.
- 3. Hammar dies in plane crash. New UN
sec proposes force if no agreement.
- 4. Jan '63 seccession ended.
- Why did Katanga secede from
the Congo?
- Intro:
- 1. 11th July '60, Tshombe announced Katanaga was to seceede
from demo. rep of Congo, led by Pres. Kasavubu and PM
Lamumba.
- A) Influenced by other new indo African countries.
- i) Most British colonies indo: 1957- 1964
- B) Katanga: If Congo gets indo from
Belgium, We can from Congo.
- Reason 1:
- 1. TS, CONAKAT favoured
a fed gov, for structure of
Congo.
- A) Confideration of the Asscotiation
of Tribes in Kantaga Party
(CONAKAT)
- 2. Kat developed different under
Belgium rule.
- 3. Pop by the Lunda tribe and was
distant from Leopoldville
- 4. Tribal conflict: Authentic
Kats/ Foreigners from Kasai
to work in mines.
- 5. Natives would protect TS, ideas
brought to Round Table conference in
Brussels.
- 6. TS wanted fed gov with all three
states. But did not succeed.
- 7. Lamumba, Leader of Movement
National Congele, wanted strong
central gov and succeeded.
- Reason 2:
- 1. Belg gov and Belg Mining comp ( Union Miniere)
wanted TS to keep Kat indo for econom reasons for
Kat was rich in minerals. Union M made large
profits from these.
- 2. Belg also benefited through trade and
wanted to protect investments.
- 3. They feared choas of military mutiny from
Congolese army. White settlers fled to Rhodesia
and Congolese army was expelled from Kat. Local
troops helped Belgian troops then.
- Reason 3:
- 1. TS and Kat feared rule of Lam because
of red opinions. Feared to be another
Cuba.
- 2. Lum feared to take mines.
- 3. TS would then lose taxes
from Union M, who would lose $.
- 4. Lam not strong enough to prevent
secession. Army mutinied. Belg troops
restore order, No UN troops. Kat
secceded.
- Reason 4:
- 1. TS and Kat were in strong position to resist
Congolese gov. Could pay Belg mercs and army
who organised Kat military.
- 2. Sec lasted 2 and 1/2 years until UN moved in to peace
keep/ enforce and took over Katanga to bring back into
Congo in Jan 1963
- What was the impact of the secession of
Katanga on the Congo?
- Reasons:
- 1. Role of UN, US and USSR
- 2. Assassination of Lamumba
- 3. Rise of Mobutu and dictatorship
- 4. Role of Congolese army
- 5. Include takeover 1965
- 6. Economy and admin system of the
Congo was wrecked for next 30 years
- 8. Africanisation
- 7. Corruption of Mobu and
wastefulness
- Joseph Mobutu (Sese Siko)
- A) Com. Chief of Congolese Army
- B) After sec, defeated all uprisings.
- C) Created military dictatorship, got US Cold War support
- D) Over next 30 years bled country of resources
- E) Instrumental for turning over Lam to Kat regime
- 9. Take over of industry,
economic crisis and war
- Why did the attempt of secession
by Katanga end in failure?
- 1. Efforts of Congo gov to end sec
- 2. Assassination of Lam
- 3. Role of UN
- 4. Role of US, Belg and African states
- 5. Failure of Kat to gain international recognition
- 6. Divisions within Kat