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Mindmap von jasmin.sahota, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von jasmin.sahota
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Group 2 metals
- Trends as you
go DOWN the
group
- RADIUS INCREASES
- due to extra shells of electrons as you go down
- therefore SHIELDING INCREASES
- electrons are less attracted to the nucleus
- therefore IONISATION ENERGY DECREASES
- meaning MORE REACTIVE as you go down
- as electrons are held less strongly
- as electrons are held less strongly
- first ionisation energy
- M (g) ---> M+ (g) + e-
- second ionisation energy
- M+(g) ---> M2+ (g) + e-
- second ionisation energy is always
greater than the first
- Overall
- M (g) ---> M2+(g) + 2e-
- M (g) ---> M2+(g) + 2e-
- Overall
- second ionisation energy is always
greater than the first
- M+(g) ---> M2+ (g) + e-
- M (g) ---> M+ (g) + e-
- meaning MORE REACTIVE as you go down
- therefore IONISATION ENERGY DECREASES
- electrons are less attracted to the nucleus
- therefore SHIELDING INCREASES
- due to extra shells of electrons as you go down
- MELTING POINTS DECREASE
- due to electrons being further away from the nucleus
- and the charge remaining the same
- this means that the METALLIC BONDS GET WEAKER
- bonds between negative electrons and the positive particles
- bonds between negative electrons and the positive particles
- this means that the METALLIC BONDS GET WEAKER
- and the charge remaining the same
- as the size of the ions increases
- due to electrons being further away from the nucleus
- RADIUS INCREASES
- reactions with water
- For Beryllium
- does not react with water
- does not react with water
- For Magnesium
- reacts slowly with water
- M(s) +2H20 (l) ---> M(OH) (aq) +H2 (g)
- M(s) +2H20 (l) ---> M(OH) (aq) +H2 (g)
- reacts fast with steam
- Mg(s) ,H20(g) ---> MgO(s) +H2 (g)
- Mg(s) ,H20(g) ---> MgO(s) +H2 (g)
- reacts slowly with water
- The rest react with water b
- all form metal hydroxide + hydrogen
- but more vigorous as you go down
- all form metal hydroxide + hydrogen
- For Beryllium
- Sulphates
- solubility decreases
- BaSO4 is toxic BUT insoluble
- used to outline the gut in medical X-rays
- Barium meal
- Barium meal
- Used to test for sulphate ions
- done by acidifying a sulphate ion solution
with HCl
- adding Barium Chloride
- acid is added to remove
carbonate ions as CO2 as
barium carbonate is also a
white precipiatae
- adding Barium Chloride
- forms a white precipitate of BaSO4
- done by acidifying a sulphate ion solution
with HCl
- used to outline the gut in medical X-rays
- BaSO4 is toxic BUT insoluble
- solubility decreases
- Hydroxides
- the solubility of the hydroxides
increases as you go down
- and become more alkaline
- due to the presence of more OH
- due to the presence of more OH
- and become more alkaline
- Uses of
Hydroxides
- Mg(OH)2 is used as an indigestion remedy
- neutralises the acid in the stomach
- neutralises the acid in the stomach
- calcium hydroxide is used to
treat acidic soil
- Ca(OH)2
- slaked lime
- slaked lime
- Ca(OH)2
- Mg(OH)2 is used as an indigestion remedy
- are all white solids
- Barium Hydroxides dissolves to produce a
strongly alkaline solution
- Ba(OH)2(s) + aq ---> Ba2+(aq) + 2OH-
- Ba(OH)2(s) + aq ---> Ba2+(aq) + 2OH-
- the solubility of the hydroxides
increases as you go down
- general facts
- group 2 metals OXIDISE
- from 0 ---> +2
- from 0 ---> +2
- electron arrangement
- 2 electrons in an outer s - orbital
- 2 electrons in an outer s - orbital
- group 2 metals OXIDISE
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