Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Bladder cancer
- The color of urine always gives an indication!
- Types
- Benign
- Papilloma
- Leiomyoma
- Malignant
- TCC
- SCC
- Adenocarcinoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Signs and symptoms
- Frequency
- Painless hematuria
- Dysuria
- Risk factors
- Smoking
- Azo dyes
- History of bladder
infections
- Catheters
- Family history of bladder
cancer
- Schistosomiasis
- parasite infection by Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S.
mekongi, S. intercalatum and S. haematobium.
- Transmission
- fresh water containing larval forms (cercariae) of schistosomes, which develop in
snails. Larvae penetrate the skin of individuals swimming or wading in water.
Snails become infected as a result of excretion of eggs in human urine or faeces.
- Symptoms
- mansoni,, mekongi and
japonicum causing hepatic and
intestinal signs
- Haematobium
causing
urinary
dysfunction.
- Investigations
- Cytoscopy
- Imaging
- KUB X-ray
- IVP
- Retrograde
pylogram
- Urine cytology
- Biopsy
- Urinalysis
- Culture sensitivity test
- Affects the urinary bladder
- Anatomy of urinary bladder
- Blood supply
- Superior vesical
- Middle vesical
- Inferior vesical
- Picture
- Histology of urinary bladder
- Layers
- Transitional epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Detrusor
- Adventetia
(with fat cells)
- Urothelium
- Distended
- Empty
- Physiology of renal tubules
- Phases of micturition
- Filling stage
- Micturition reflex (emptying)
- Epidemiology
- 9th most common malignancy worldwide
- Men are more than four times more susceptible to bladder cancer
- Treatment and management
- Superficial lesions
- Endoscopic removal with intra-vesical therapy
- Metastatic
- Chemotherapy
- Cisplatin
- Paclitaxel
- Gemcitabine
- Invasive disease
- Cystectomy with chemotherapy