Infertility

Infertility

1. Definition

   • a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse

2. Causes of Male infertility

   • Abnormal sperm production or function
   • Problems with sperm delivery
   • Overexposure to certain environmental factors
   • Damage related to cancer and its treatment

3. Causes of female infertility

   • Ovulation disorders
   • Uterine or cervical abnormalities
   • Fallopian tube damage or blockage
   • Endometriosis
   • Cancer and its treatment

4. Risk Factors

   • Age
   • Tobacco use
   • Alcohol use
   • Being overweight & underweight

5. STD's

   • Genital Ulcer syndrome
   • Urethral discharge syndrome
   • Vaginal discharge syndrome
   • Lower abdominal pain syndrome

6. History Taking

   • Does the woman have a regular menstrual cycle?
   • Previous pelvic inflammatory disease
   • pregnancy complications and abdominal surgery
   • previous pregnancies and deliveries and complications related to both

7. Investigations

   • Semen Analysis
   • Urethral Swab
   • Vaginal Smear
     • Pap smear
   • Hysteroscopy
   • Laparoscopy

8. Treatmwnt

   • Male
     • Urofollitropin
     • hCG & hMG
     • GnRH agonists
     • a adrenergics
     • Viagra
   • Female
     • Insulin sensitizing agents
     • Thyroxine
     • Clomiphene citrate
     • GnRH agonists

9. Anatomy of female reproductive system

   • Development of RS

10. Physiology of male reproductive system

11. Physiology of female reproductive system

    • Menstrual disorders
      • abnormal uterine bleeding
        • Amenorrhea
      • Dysmenorrhea
      • PMS & PMDD

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