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Chapter 3: Migration
- WHAT IS MIGRATION?
- CYLIC MOVEMENT
- Movement within
activity spaces.
- Ex. Commuting to
work, school etc.
- Ex. Commuting to
work, school etc.
- Seasonal movement
- Ex. Wealthy people from cold places in
Canada and the Northern US travel to
places where it's warmer.
- Ex. Wealthy people from cold places in
Canada and the Northern US travel to
places where it's warmer.
- Nomadism
- Movement within
activity spaces.
- PERIODIC MOVEMENT
- Involves returning
home, but still a long
distance away.
- Migrant Labor
- Transhumance
- Farmers move cattle and other
livestock to pastures based on seasonal
availability, and follow them there, living
off the land as best they can.
- Military service
- Soldiers are stationed in far
away places, but eventually
return home.
- Soldiers are stationed in far
away places, but eventually
return home.
- Farmers move cattle and other
livestock to pastures based on seasonal
availability, and follow them there, living
off the land as best they can.
- Involves returning
home, but still a long
distance away.
- MIGRATION
- Permanent
relocation
- 2 Types: International & Internal
- Ex. African-Americans internally migrated from
the Southern states to the Northern states in the
1900s, enjoying their newly-acquired freedom.
- Ex. African-Americans internally migrated from
the Southern states to the Northern states in the
1900s, enjoying their newly-acquired freedom.
- IRCA gave permanent
residence to 2.6 million
migrants that had been
living in the US for a
long time.
- Permanent
relocation
- CYLIC MOVEMENT
- WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
- Migration:
Forced vs
Voluntary
- Not always clear
- Ex. Irish people migrating to the US in
the late 1800s and early 1900s. Forced:
They migrated because of public
persecution and the potato famine.
Voluntary: They chose to migrate to the
US.
- Ex. Irish people migrating to the US in
the late 1800s and early 1900s. Forced:
They migrated because of public
persecution and the potato famine.
Voluntary: They chose to migrate to the
US.
- Not always clear
- Forced Migration
- Ex. Atlantic Slave Trade:
largest forced migration ever.
- Ex. Atlantic Slave Trade:
largest forced migration ever.
- PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
IN VOLUNTARY MIGRATION
- Ravenstein's Laws of
Migration:
- Every migration
generates a return.
- Most migrants move
a short distance.
- Migrants who move
long distances tend
to choose big cities.
- Urban residents are less likely to
migrate than rural residents.
- Families are less likely to migrate
internationally than young adults.
- Every migration
generates a return.
- The gravity model relates places to
population size and distance, and gives
us a guide to expected migration.
- Step migration consists
of a series of stages.
- Ravenstein's Laws of
Migration:
- TYPES OF PUS AND PULL FACTORS
- You must have a visa to be a legal immigrant.
- Most migrants are in search of a better life.
- Power relationships are common with migrant labor. Employers
hire migrant workers who they think would work best for them.
- You must have a visa to be a legal immigrant.
- CONTRIBUTIONS TO MIGRATION:
Political circumstances, armed conflict
and war, & environmental conditions.
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
- Communication technology
strengthens kinship links.
- Communication technology
strengthens kinship links.
- CULTURE & TRADITION
- People are afraid their
culture and traditions
won't survive a major
political transition, so
they migrate.
- People are afraid their
culture and traditions
won't survive a major
political transition, so
they migrate.
- Migration:
Forced vs
Voluntary
- WHERE DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?
- GLOBAL MIGRATION FLOWS
- See Fig. 3.11 (attached)
- See Fig. 3.11 (attached)
- GLOBAL MIGRATION FLOWS
- (For info on migration routes, see map attached)
- (For info on migration routes, see map attached)
- REGIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS
- Economic Opportunities
- Paying-jobs are
located in "islands of
development, where a
lot of migrants are
concentrated.
- Paying-jobs are
located in "islands of
development, where a
lot of migrants are
concentrated.
- Reconnection of
Cultural Groups
- Focus on
reconnecting
cultural
groups across
borders. Ex.
Migration of
Jews from
Europe to
Israel /
Palestine.
- Focus on
reconnecting
cultural
groups across
borders. Ex.
Migration of
Jews from
Europe to
Israel /
Palestine.
- From an area of conflict to a safer area.
- Economic Opportunities
- NATIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS
- Russia experienced an internal
migration from west to east.
- Russification - when the Soviet
Union tried to transform all Soviet
territory to Russian culture.
- Russification - when the Soviet
Union tried to transform all Soviet
territory to Russian culture.
- Russia experienced an internal
migration from west to east.
- REFUGEES
- Some refugees are elgible for
asylum, meaning they have the
right to protection in the first
country they arrive in.
- The Middle East,
especially
Afghanistan and
Iraq, generates the
most refugees out
of any other region
in the world.
- In the 1990's, the UNHCR reported a
shocking amour of refugees in
Europe, as a result of the collapse of
Yugoslavia.
- Some refugees are elgible for
asylum, meaning they have the
right to protection in the first
country they arrive in.
- GLOBAL MIGRATION FLOWS
- HOW DO GOVERNMENTS
AFFECT MIGRATION?
- LEGAL RESTRICTIONS
- Many countries have laws about who can
immigrate into the country. Often, the
obstacles in the way of potential
immigrants are legal, not physical.
- Many countries have laws about who can
immigrate into the country. Often, the
obstacles in the way of potential
immigrants are legal, not physical.
- WAVES OF IMMIGRATION IN THE US
- Most of the immigrants in the 1800's and
1900's came from Europe, especially
Scandinavia and Western Europe.
- Now, the US has instated restrictive laws, quotas,
and selective immigration.
- After 9/11, the US cracked down on asylum
seekers, and security with migrants and who gets
in and out of the country.
- After 9/11, the US cracked down on asylum
seekers, and security with migrants and who gets
in and out of the country.
- Now, the US has instated restrictive laws, quotas,
and selective immigration.
- Most of the immigrants in the 1800's and
1900's came from Europe, especially
Scandinavia and Western Europe.
- LEGAL RESTRICTIONS
- FIELD NOTE: RISKING LIVES FOR
REMITTANCES
- Remittances are when
migrants send money
back home.
- Reverse remittances are
when the migrants ask for
money from back home.
- Remittances are when
migrants send money
back home.
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