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C1a-b

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Mindmap am C1a-b, erstellt von aujlg001 am 07/10/2014.
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Mindmap von aujlg001, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

C1a-b
  1. CRUDE OIL
    1. HYDROCARBON: is a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Crude oil is a finite and non-renewable resource
      1. FINITE: a resource that is no longer being made or is being made slowly NON-RENEWABLE: a resource that is being used up faster than it's being made
      2. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
        1. Crude oil is heated and enters the tower
          1. It boils and turns into a gas which rises up
            1. The gas then condenses at boiling point. There's a temperature gradient in the tower with the coolest being 25c and the hottest 350c at the bottom
              1. The hydrocarbons all boil at a different temperature depending on f they're big or small
                1. The big chain hydrocarbons condense at the bottom as it's hot and they boil at a high BP and small chain hydrocarbons condense at the top where it's cold as they have a low BP
                  1. When each hydrocarbon condenses it flows into a fraction. Each fraction have similar sized hydrocarbons in
                    1. All the hydrocarbons that are small go to the top as it's cooler, for example petrol, and the bigger chain hydrocarbons go to the hotter point at the bottom. Bitumen is too big to boil, so sinks to the bottom
          2. Long chain hydrocarbons have strong intermolecular forces that hold the chains close together. These break during boiling, because they're strong, lots of energy is needed to break and so they have a high boiling point
          3. CRACKING
            1. DEFINITION: cracking turns the surplus long-chain hydrocarbons into useful short-chain hydrocarbons
              1. There is now more of a demand for petrol and not enough petrol being made quick enough. So cracking is used to turn long-chain hydrocarbons into short-chain hydrocarbons, which makes enough petrol to meet the demand of it
              2. FUELS AND COMBUSTION
                1. T = toxicity E = energy value A = availability C = costs U = usability P = pollution caused S = storage
                  1. COMPLETE COMBUSTION: fuel + oxygen -------> carbon dioxide + water
                    1. methane + oxygen -------> carbon dioxide + water
                    2. INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION: fuel + oxygen -------> carbon monoxide + carbon + water
                      1. ethane + oxygen -------> carbon monoxide + carbon + water
                    3. BALANCING EQUATIONS
                      1. CH4 + O2 -------> CO2 + H20
                        1. CH4 +2O2 -------> CO2 + 2H20
                        2. LEFT HAND SIDE = C: 1 H: 4 O: 2 RIGH HANDSIDE = C: 1 0: 3 H: 2
                        3. CLEAN AIR
                          1. NITROGEN: 78% OXYGEN: 21% CARBON DIOXIDE: 0.035% NOBLE GASES: approx. 1%
                            1. The early atmosphere was rich in ammonia. The degassing of volcanoes lead to an atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide and water vapour. As the temperature started to cool the water vapour condensed. This formed oceans. Some of the co2 started to dissolve in the oceans. Ammonia was converted into nitrogen through a series of chemical reactions and by bacteria , because nitrogen is so unreactive it's levels start to evolve. These converted co2 into oxygen. This meant that oxygen levels rose and co2 levels fell. This is how today's atmosphere formed.

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