Zusammenfassung der Ressource
1 The Universe and the solar system
- What is the Universe?
Anmerkungen:
- Is the collection of heavenly bodies, material and energy found in the space
- Origin
- Cosmogony
Anmerkungen:
- It's a collection of mythological beliefs that propose that the universe was created from nothing by beings with infinite powers.
- Scientific explanation
- Big Bang 13700
Million years ago
Anmerkungen:
- http://artigoo.com/curiosidades-de-la-ciencia-la-huella-del-big-bang
- Big Crunch
- Big Rip
- Oscillating
Universe Theory
Anmerkungen:
- It proposes that after the Big Crunch there will be another Big Bang and it will continue like that successively
- Composition
- Galaxies
Anmerkungen:
- Galaxies are large groups of stars, nebulae and interstellar dust. Gravity joins them together.
- Stars
Anmerkungen:
- Stars are large spheres of gas (mostly hydrogen and helium). Stars emit light and energy. The colour of a star depends on its surface temperature:
- Planetary System
Anmerkungen:
- The Solar System is made up of a star (the Sun) and all the celestial bodies that orbit it.
- Stars
Anmerkungen:
- Stars are large spheres of gas (mostly hydrogen and helium). Stars emit light and energy.
- Size
- Dwarf
- Medium
- Giants
- Colour
Anmerkungen:
- The colour is defined by its surface temperature. The star change it colour until all the hidrogen is USED UP and the star dies.
Violet- BlueBlueWhiteWhite-YellowYellow The Sun OrangeRed
- Brightness
Anmerkungen:
- Varies according to :
a) How far away it is
b )Quantity of energy
c) It's Size
- Planets
Anmerkungen:
- Inner Planets
Anmerkungen:
- They are small, have very little or no atmosphere and have a rocky surface.
MERCURY VENUS, EARTH, MARS
Earth’s atmosphere has greenhouse gases. As a result, the average temperature is 15 ºC. There is water in its three states and it's the only planet where we know there is life.
- Outer Planets
Anmerkungen:
- They are very large and have a gaseosus atmosphere. They are surrounded by rings and their surface is in gaseous or liquid state
JUPITER, SATURN, NEPTUNE, URANUS.
- Movements of planets
- Rotation
Anmerkungen:
- Rotation is the movement of a planet on its axis. The time it takes for a planet to complete a full rotation on its axis is called a solar day.
Earth 24 hours
Venus 243 days on Earth
The rotation of most planets is anticlockwise.
The Earth's axis is Tilted thanks to a meteorite........
Ver comienzo de Terra, la película de nuestro planeta. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7RURP4WdQA&t=3707s
- Revolution
Anmerkungen:
- is the movement of the planets around the Sun in an ANTICLOCKWISE direction
1year: Earth=365 days
1 year in Neptune= 164.8 years in earth
- Satellites
Anmerkungen:
- They are of astros without light that turn arround a planet
- Comets
Anmerkungen:
- Little pieces of rock, gas and ice with an oval orbit around the sun
- Asteroids
Anmerkungen:
- They are solid and irregular heavenly bodies smaller than a planet and bigger than a meteoride that orbit arround a star
- Meteorites
Anmerkungen:
- Small heavenly bodies (smaller than asteroid) that orbit arround the sun.
- Differences between Meteorites,
meteoroids and Meteor
Anmerkungen:
- https://www.nationalgeographic.es/espacio/meteoroides-meteoros-y-meteoritos
- Shooting Stars
Anmerkungen:
- falling stars or shooting stars are caused by tiny bits of dust and rock called Meteoroids falling into the Earth's atmosphere and burning up. ...
- Our solar system
- Dwarf planets
Anmerkungen:
- They are espheric
they share their orbit with other similar planets (small) Pluto, Ceres Make Make and Eris
Their orbit is still full of meteorites
- Asteroids belt
Anmerkungen:
- Between Mars and Jupiter.
There are thousand of asteroids
- Kuiper's Belt
Anmerkungen:
- It's a zone of the solar system 20 times larger than the Asteroid belt, that includes Neptune's orbit. There are dwarf planets like Pluto and Eris and comets such as Halley's. Their orbits take less than 200 years.
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/overview/
- Oort's Cloud
Anmerkungen:
- It's a spherical region around the solar system farther than the kuiper belt. In this cloud there are comets with an orbit period more than 200 years.
- Nebulae
Anmerkungen:
- Nebulae are large clouds of gas made up of hydrogen, helium and
interstellar dust. Stars form and are destroyed inside nebulae.
- Dust
- Gas
- About Galaxies
- kind
- Young
- Eliptical
- Lenticular
- Irregular
Anmerkungen:
- Una galaxia irregular es una galaxia que no encaja en ninguna clasificación de galaxias de la secuencia de Hubble. Son galaxias sin forma espiral, lenticular ni elíptica. Algunas galaxias irregulares son pequeñas galaxias espirales distorsionadas por la gravedad de un vecino mayor. En ellas hay mucho polvo estelar y gas y pocas estrellas porque aún se están formando
- Spiral is the most
common
- Old
- Spiral
- Barred Spiral
- Spiral is the most
common
- Our Galaxy: The Milky Way or
Camino de Santiago
Anmerkungen:
- The stars we see at night are part of the Milky Way. Each star is at a different
distance from the Earth. We group stars into patterns and shapes called constellations.
- Spiral
Galaxy
Anmerkungen:
- HALO: Surrounds the core and the disk and contains isolated stars
DISK: Is formed by four arms and contains the YOUNGEST STARS.
NUCLEUS O BULGE: Is the center of the galaxy and is formed by the oldest stars
- CLUSTER (SECTOR)
Anmerkungen:
- Galaxies group together. When these groups of galaxies are very large we
call them CLUSTERS O SECTORES
OUR CLUSTER IS CALLED "THE LOCAL GROUP"
- Distances in the Universe
Anmerkungen:
- The Universe is so immense that in order to measure distances between galaxies,
we need to use different units of measurement
- Astronomical Unit 150000000 km
1 UA is the distance between Sun
and Earth
- Light Year
300000 Km/s
- Parsec= 3.26
Light year
Anmerkungen:
- Este curioso -aunque laborioso estudio-, que se encuentra en el sitio web TOR con todo lujo de detalles, llega a una conclusión pasmosa: la velocidad que puede alcanzar el Halcón Milenario es de 25.000 años luz por día, lo que serían unos 1.041,66 años luz por hora.
- Models of the Universe
- Geocentric
Anmerkungen:
- The Earth is spherical and is the centre of the Universe.
❚ The Sun, the Moon and the planets revolve in concentric circles
around the Earth.
❚ The stars are fixed on a dome that also revolves around the
Earth
- Heliocentric
Anmerkungen:
- ❚ The Sun does not move and is in the centre of the Universe.
❚ All the planets revolve around the Sun in concentric circles.
❚ The Earth rotates on its axis and the Moon revolves around
the Earth.
❚ The stars are fixed on a dome that does not move.
- Actually
Anmerkungen:
- From the 17th century onwards, scientists like Johannes Kepler, proved that planets have elliptical orbits, and we now know that the Sun is not fixed in the centre of the Universe.
The Sun is in a galaxy called the Milky Way, which is one of billions of galaxies.
- The scale of universe
Anmerkungen:
- https://htwins.net/scale2/
La simulación que vimos en de lo más grande a lo más pequeño