United Nations

What does the UN logo symbolise?
1. Olive branches symbolise peace. The world map depicts the area of concern to the United Nations in achieving its main purpose, peace and security.
Aims
1. Maintain world peace and security
2. Develop friendly relations among nations.
3. Cooperate internationally to solve international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems
4. Promote respect for human rights and basic freedom regardless of race, religion and gender
5. To be a centre for harmonising the actions of nations in attaining the aims listed
Organisations of the UN
1. Economic and Social Council
  1. Helps the people of the world to improve their lives
2. The Security Council
  1. Maintains peace & security among member countries
3. General Assembly
  1. Functions like a world parliament where all the member countries can vote on various matters
4. Trusteeship Council
  1. Currently suspended. Function is to help countries gain self-governance or independence
5. International Court of Justice
  1. Functions as a world court to help member countries settle disputes peacefully
6. Secretariat
  1. Implements the decisions taken by member countries of the UN
How does Singapore benefit from UN membership
1. Gained recognition as a sovereign state
  1. Independence and territorial intergrity
2. UN sent experts to advise and help in economic and social development of the country
3. UN sent experts to advise on development
How does Singapore contribute to the UN?
1. Security Council
  1. The UN Security Council includes 5 permanent members (US, UK, France, China, Russia.) and 10 rotating members.
    1. To maintain international peace and security.
    2. Singapore served as the President of the Council in January 2001 and May 2002
2. UN Law of the Sea Conference
  1. Defines how countries can draw territorial borders in the sea
    1. Professor Tommy Koh, Singapore's former representative to the UN, was President of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea from 1980 to 1982
3. UN peacekeeping Operations
  1. A way to help countries torn by conflict to create conditions for long-term peace
    1. Singapore has been involved in UN's peacekeeping efforts since 1989. By 2005, Singapore was involved in 13 operations in 11 different countries and contributed approximately 1,500 personnel for these UN missions
Failure of ASEAN
1. Sri Lankan Civil War
  1. The small island nation of Sri Lanka experienced a bloody civil war lasting from 1983 to 2009, pitting the militant, separatist Tamil Tigers against government forces. In the final months of the war, the opposing sides were fighting in the heavily populated northeast coastline, a designated safe zone.
  2. The fighting forced 196,000 people to flee, and trapped over 50,000 civilians. Independent experts urged the Human Rights Council of the UN to investigate claims of war crimes, and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon acknowledged being “appalled” by the situation, but the United Nations made no attempts to intervene on behalf of the civilian population. From January to April of 2009, over 6,500 civilians were killed in this so-called “safe-zone”.
Success of UN
1. UN High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR)
  1. Founded in 1949, UNHCR has helped 17 million asylum-seekers and refugees. The officers of UNHCR help the refugees directly, working to ensure governments meet their responsibilities to the expatriates.
  2. Two Nobel Peace Prizes in 1954 and 1981 are persuasive evidences for the success of UNHCR.
  3. Right now, UNHCR is facing a problematic financial issue, trying to protect and assist 700,000 people who had fled conflict in Syria, Mali, Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Why was the UN formed?
1. The UN was founded after WWII as an international organisation to preserve world peace and prevent another major war

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