Unit 2.2 - Programming Techniques

Sequencing
1. Allows a programmer to solve complex tasks through a number of simple steps
2. Each line follows the next
3. Creates simple programs very quickly
4. Easy to follow for a small program
5. Fundamental principal of a program
6. Not efficient
7. Becomes very difficult to follow with large programs
8. Hard to maintain
Selection
1. Allows a computer to make decisions
2. Changes the flow of a program depending on a set conditions
3. Used for validation, calculation and making sense of a user's choice
4. Nested Selection
  1. Only evaluates a condition if pre-conditions are met
  2. There is no limit on how many selection statements we can nest
  3. The outside selection is the pre-condition and the inside is the condition
An array up to 2D to a file
1. Iterate through an array using WRITELINE and writing elements to the file one by one
2. Serialise the array (convert to a string) using delimiters e.g. commas for columns and NewLines for rows in case of a 2D array
3. Uses numeric index not names
4. Array: An ordered collection of related data where each element is accessible by a number index
SQL (Standard Query Language)
1. A popular readable programming language
2. Used to work with databases stored in binary proprietary formats e.g. Oracle, MySQL
3. Purpose of SQL S-Search C-Create R-Read U-Update D-Delete
4. SELECT, FROM, WHERE
Variables
1. A "variable" is a memory location that changes throughout the program
2. A "constant" is a memory location that is fixed for the duration of the program
3. "Assignment" is labelling various inputs, constants and outputs with descriptive names
4. Information is stored in memory locations under descriptive names called "identifiers"
5. "Concatenation" is joining inputs/text variables together
6. "Parameters" are inputs coming from the console, from a file or from elsewhere in a modular program
Operators
1. Boolean - An outcome of one of two values
2. String - A sequence of characters
3. Concatenate - Join Together
4. Substring - A smaller part of a string
5. Delimiter - One or more characters that separates a string
Iteration
1. "Iteration" is when loops run similar types of data
2. A "For Counter" is a loop for when we know how many times we want something to loop so we use a counter
3. "Stepping" is when we skip or miss out when counting
4. A "While Loop" is used for validation and searching. Evaluates a boolean everytime they run

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Unit 2.2 - Programming Techniques

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