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Proprioceptive
Neuromuscular
Facilitation
- PNF
- KABAT
- 11 PRINCIPLES
- 1. All human beings have potentials
that have not een fully developed.
- 2. Normal motor development proceeds in a
cervicocaudal and proximodistal direction.
- 3. Early motor behavior dominated by reflex activity. Mature motor
behavior is supported or reinforced by postural reflexes.
- 4. Early motor behavior is characterized by spontaneous movement,
which oscillates between extreme flexion and extension.
- 5. Developing motor behavior is expressed in an orderly
sequence of total patterns of movement and posture.
- 6. The growth of motor behavior has cyclic trends.
- 7. Normal motor development has an orderly sequence but
lacks a step-by-step quality. Overlapping occurs.
- 8. Locomotion depends on reciprocal contraction of flexors & extensors and the
maintenance of posture requires continual adjustment for nuances of imbalance.
- 9. Improvement in motor ability is dependent upon motor learning.
- 10. Frequency of stimulation & repetitive activity are used to promote and
retain motor learning and to develop strength and endurance.
- 11. Goal-directed activities coupled c/ techniques of facilitation - used to
hasten learning of total patterns of walking & self-care activities.
- 11. Goal-directed activities coupled c/ techniques of facilitation - used to
hasten learning of total patterns of walking & self-care activities.
- 10. Frequency of stimulation & repetitive activity are used to promote and
retain motor learning and to develop strength and endurance.
- 9. Improvement in motor ability is dependent upon motor learning.
- 8. Locomotion depends on reciprocal contraction of flexors & extensors and the
maintenance of posture requires continual adjustment for nuances of imbalance.
- 7. Normal motor development has an orderly sequence but
lacks a step-by-step quality. Overlapping occurs.
- 6. The growth of motor behavior has cyclic trends.
- 5. Developing motor behavior is expressed in an orderly
sequence of total patterns of movement and posture.
- 4. Early motor behavior is characterized by spontaneous movement,
which oscillates between extreme flexion and extension.
- 3. Early motor behavior dominated by reflex activity. Mature motor
behavior is supported or reinforced by postural reflexes.
- 2. Normal motor development proceeds in a
cervicocaudal and proximodistal direction.
- 1. All human beings have potentials
that have not een fully developed.
- PATTERNS
- Unilateral Patterns
- UE D1 FLEXION: hand -to-mouth motion in feeding, combing
hair on L side c/ R hand, rolling from supine to prone.
- UE D1 EXTENSION: pushing car door open from inside,
tennis backhand, rolling from prone to supine.
- UE D2: FLEXION: combing hair on R side c/ R hand, back
stroke in swimming, lifting racquet in tennis serve.
- UE D2 EXTENSION: pitching a baseball, buttoning pants
on L side c/ R hand, hitting ball on tennis serve.
- UE D2 EXTENSION: pitching a baseball, buttoning pants
on L side c/ R hand, hitting ball on tennis serve.
- UE D2: FLEXION: combing hair on R side c/ R hand, back
stroke in swimming, lifting racquet in tennis serve.
- UE D1 EXTENSION: pushing car door open from inside,
tennis backhand, rolling from prone to supine.
- LE D1 FLEXION: kicking a soccer ball, rolling from
supine to prone, putting shoe on c/ legs crossed.
- LE D1 EXTENSION: putting leg into pants,
rolling from prone to supine.
- LE D2: FLEXION: karate kick, drawing heel
up during breast stroke.
- LE D 2 EXTENSION: push-off in gait, the kick during
breast stroke, long sitting c/ legs crossed.
- LE D 2 EXTENSION: push-off in gait, the kick during
breast stroke, long sitting c/ legs crossed.
- LE D2: FLEXION: karate kick, drawing heel
up during breast stroke.
- LE D1 EXTENSION: putting leg into pants,
rolling from prone to supine.
- UE D1 FLEXION: hand -to-mouth motion in feeding, combing
hair on L side c/ R hand, rolling from supine to prone.
- BILATERAL PATTERNS
- SYMMETRICAL PATTERNS:
paired extremities perform similar
movements. D1 extension, both
hands pushing off a chair.
- ASYMMETRICAL PATTERNS:
paired extremities perform
movements on one side of body,
facilitates trunk rotation.
Chopping and lifting patterns. L
arm D2 flexion & R arm D1
flexion, putting on L earring.
- ASYMMETRICAL PATTERNS:
paired extremities perform
movements on one side of body,
facilitates trunk rotation.
Chopping and lifting patterns. L
arm D2 flexion & R arm D1
flexion, putting on L earring.
- RECIPROCAL PATTERNS:
paired extremities move in
opposite directions at the
same time. D1 extension in
one extremity and D2 flexion
in the other. Arm swing
during walking.
- IPSILATERAL PATTERNS:
extremities on the same side
moving in same direction.
- CONTRALATERAL PATTERNS:
extremities of opposite sides moving in
the same direction at the same time.
- DIAGONAL RECIPROCAL PATTERN:
contralateral extremities moving in same direction
at the same time while opposite contralateral
extremities move in opposite direction.
- SYMMETRICAL PATTERNS:
paired extremities perform similar
movements. D1 extension, both
hands pushing off a chair.
- ADVANTAGES of using diagonal patterns:
Crosses midline, helps to integrate both
sides of body. These patterns use groups of
muscles, typical of most functional activities.
- Unilateral Patterns
- PNF Procedures
- Therapists hands should be placed directly on pt's. skin.
- STRETCH can be used to initiate voluntary movement and increase speed and strength.
- TRACTION facilitates the joint receptors by creating sseparation on jt surfaces.
- APPROXIMATION facilitates joint receptors by creating compression on jt surfaces.
- Stronger muscles & patterns reinforce weaker muscles/groups.
- Stronger muscles & patterns reinforce weaker muscles/groups.
- APPROXIMATION facilitates joint receptors by creating compression on jt surfaces.
- TRACTION facilitates the joint receptors by creating sseparation on jt surfaces.
- STRETCH can be used to initiate voluntary movement and increase speed and strength.
- PNF TECHNIQUES
- REPEATED CONTRACTIONS:
based on the assumption that
REPETITION is needed for
motor learning.
- RHYTHMICAL INITIATION:
used to improve the ability to
initiate movement.
- RELAXATION TECHNIQUES:
contact-relax, used when there is no
active ROM in the agonist pattern, against
max resistance. Hold-relax, used for pain,
isometric contraction.
- RELAXATION TECHNIQUES:
contact-relax, used when there is no
active ROM in the agonist pattern, against
max resistance. Hold-relax, used for pain,
isometric contraction.
- RHYTHMICAL INITIATION:
used to improve the ability to
initiate movement.
- REPEATED CONTRACTIONS:
based on the assumption that
REPETITION is needed for
motor learning.
- Therapists hands should be placed directly on pt's. skin.
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