19770095
Beschreibung
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ECOLOGY
- History
- Jean-Baptiste Lamark XVIII: Author of zoological phylosophy
- Charles Darwin: The theorie of the origin of species
- Ernest Haechel: The first to use the term Ecology
- Henry Chandler: Introduce the concept of ecological community in time and space
- John Murray: Publish in 1912 the depths of the ocean
- Linderna: Ecosystem = Flow of energy
- Arthur George Tansley: Introduce the concept of ecosystem
- E.Birge: Inrtoduces the term Ecology
- Rachel Carson: Explains the indiscriminate use of pesticides and the effects on water soil and people
- Carolous Linneaus XVI: He did the first classification of species or taxonomy
- Eugene P. Odum: Father if contemporary ecology
- Descartes Renaissance: He propsed an approach to nature through mental reasoning
- Jacques Cousteau: Images of the fragility of marine ecosystem
- Aristotle: Conclude that the Earth was round
- Jorge Soberón: Promotes international cooperation programs in the areas of climate change
- Jean-Baptiste Lamark XVIII: Author of zoological phylosophy
- Enviroment
- FACTORS
- The complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an
ecological community determine its form and survival
- Abiotic
- Physical and Chemical conditions in the
enviroment
- CO2: Is the basis of photosynthesis
- Soil: The main source of rawmaterials.
- Water: Is vital for the survival of all living beings.
- Atmosphere: Earth's layer of gaseous surrounding the crust.
- Solar Energy: Is the main source of energy in Earth's and precusor of the photosynthetic process.
- Physical and Chemical conditions in the
enviroment
- Biotic
- Any living components in an
ecosystem.
- Clasification
- Autotrophs:
Produce their own
food.
- Decomposers:
Destroy other
organisms and
return elements
to the soil.
- Heterotrophs:
Consume those who do
the autotrophs.
- Autotrophs:
Produce their own
food.
- Any living components in an
ecosystem.
- Abiotic
- The complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an
ecological community determine its form and survival
- FACTORS
- Branches
- Autecology
- Analyses the mutual interactions between the
enviroment and the organisms that dwell in it.
- Organisms:
- Humans
- Insects
- Bacterias
- Humans
- Organisms:
- Analyses the mutual interactions between the
enviroment and the organisms that dwell in it.
- Synecology
- Study the community and the
enviroment that surrounds it within
a geographiacl area
- Community
- Ecological restoration
- Is a series of actions to recover all or
part of the structure functioning of a
damaged community.
- Is a series of actions to recover all or
part of the structure functioning of a
damaged community.
- Emergent Properties:
- -Species
richness
Numer of
species
forming a
community
- -Composition:
Set
of
species
that
made
up
the
community
- Strucure: The
way a
community is
organized
- Horizontal
stratification:
Distribution of
organisms on Earth's
surface.
- Vertical
Stratification:
Distribution of
organisms
including on the
ground, water or
sky.
- Horizontal
stratification:
Distribution of
organisms on Earth's
surface.
- Physiognomy:
The visual
aspect of the
species
- Diversity:
The
variety of
individuals
that
make
up
the
community.
- Successional
Status:
Development
characteristics
and
recovery
process
after
a
community
distrubance
- -Species
richness
Numer of
species
forming a
community
- Succession Dynamics:
Change occurring In the
structure of
communities over time.
- Disturbance
severe:
Communities
and even the
soil disappear .
The soil and
the community
recovery are
very slow.
- Disturbance
less: Doesn't
remove all
the soil
organisms
and
maintains
many of its
properties
the
regenration
of vegetation
and wild life
is much
faster
- Disturbance
severe:
Communities
and even the
soil disappear .
The soil and
the community
recovery are
very slow.
- Ecological restoration
- Community
- Study the community and the
enviroment that surrounds it within
a geographiacl area
- Population Ecology
- Studies population in terms of
its enviroment and
relationships with other
populations
- Population
- Emergent Propertties:
- Size
- Number of
organisms that
make up a
population
- Number of
organisms that
make up a
population
- Density
- How close
individuals
are with each
other.
- How close
individuals
are with each
other.
- Distribution pattern refers to
the order of organisms in a
population
- Aggregated:
Population
form
groups
- Random:
Randomly
distribution
on
a
teritotory.
- Uniform:
The
pattern
is
regular,
occurs
in
areas
of
crops.
- Aggregated:
Population
form
groups
- Demograohic parameters: Parameters that lead to
numerical changes in population
- Birth rate: how many individuals are born
- Mortality rate: Number of individuals who die in agiven time.
- Immigration rate: movement of individuals between population (Individuals entering the population
- Emigration: movement of individuals between population (individuals leaving population)
- Birth rate: how many individuals are born
- Growth population rate: Measures
the result of births deaths
inmigration and emmigration that
affect the size
- Population structure: Configuartion of the population.
- Size
- Emergent Propertties:
- Population
- Studies population in terms of
its enviroment and
relationships with other
populations
- Ecosystem Ecology
- It deals with mass and energy
flows between organisms
and the abiotic components
in their enviroment
- It deals with mass and energy
flows between organisms
and the abiotic components
in their enviroment
- Autecology
- Method of study
- 1.- Observe and measure
phenomena or characterization:
Perform observation using senses.
- 2.- Form Hypothesis: explanations: Measures
observations and measuraments of the subject of study
or phenomenon
- 3.- Experiment test the predictions done
by the hypothesis in order to prove it
right or wrong
- 4.- Make conclusions: If the hypothesis was prove correct then it turns into scientific
knowledge. If wrong a new hypothesis needs to be form or more observations.
- 1.- Observe and measure
phenomena or characterization:
Perform observation using senses.
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