Anatomy 2

Anatomy 2

1. the skull

   • the maxilla is fixed to the skull,it is hollow and helps with the folowing processes: speech, respiration and mastication. the 2 bones join together below the nose each hollow space is called the maxillary antrum (Sinus) Perforated by the several foramina to allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels to the upper teeth and surrounding tissues
   • the mandible is the lower jaw, it moves it is shaped like a horse shoe the bone is shaped into a right angle this bone is called the ramus. the ramus has muscles attached to them which close the mouth (muscles of mastication)muscles opening the mouth attach from the body of the mandible to the Hyoid bone.
     • the jaw moves forward for anterior teeth to clasp food and then closes backwards to crush food ready for digestion

2. Anaesthesia types

   • nerve block
   • intra-osseous
   • intra-ligarmentry
   • infiltration

3. Muscles of Mastication (the chewing process)

   • Masseter is attached to the skull at the zygomatic bone and the outer part of the ramus/angle
   • Lateral Pterygoid extends from behind the maxilla to the head of the condyle
   • Medial Pterygoid extends from behind the maxilla to the inner surface of the ramus and angle
   • Temporalis is attached to the temporal bone and to the mandibular coronoid process
   • the TEMPORALIS & the MASSETER are the muscles on the side of the face that can be felt when the teeth are clenched together. Trismus is a condition where inflamation can cause a protective spasm of the muscles of the mastication

4. Nerves

   • nerves supplying the maxilla
     • Anterior superior dental (1-3 buccal)
     • middle superior dental (4-5 buccal)
     • greater paletine (4-8 paletal)
     • naso-paletine (1-3 paletal)
     • posteria superia dental (6-8 buccal)
   • nerves suplying the mandible
     • long buccal (6-8 buccal)
     • lingual (1-8 lingual)
     • inferior dental (1-5 buccal)

5. Temporal mandibular joint

   • the TMJ is formed between the condyle of the mandibular and the temporal of the skullwhe the mouth is closed the condyle rests in the hollow temporal bone. this is called the Glenoid fossa the front edge of the glenoid fossa forms a ridge called the articular eminence between these 2 surfaces there is a disk of fiborus tissue the condyle slides down towards the articular eminence as the jaw opens once the condyle reaches the crest of the articular eminence the mououth is fully open dislocation occurs when the condyle slides to far forward and gets stuck.

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