Periodic Table

Objective:
1. Dimitry Mendeleev create the periodic table
  1. What is the Periodic Table
    1. Shows all know all the elemnets in the universe
      1. Organizes the elements by chemical properties
2. How do you read the periodic table?
  1. Atomic number
    1. Symbol
      1. Name
        Atomic wheight
        The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
      2. An abreviation of the element name
    2. The number of protons of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
      1. Or
        The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom
3. How can find the number of Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in a element using the Periodic Table
  1. # of protons = Atomic number
    1. # of Electrons = Atomic number
    2. # of Neutrons = Atomic Weight -- Atomic number
4. ELEMENTS: The elements, alone or in combinations , make upor bodies, our world, or sun, and in fact, the entire universe
  1. The most abundant element in the earth´s crust in oxigen
  2. The elements of the periodic table con be divided into three main categories Metals, Non-Metals , and Metalloids
  3. Elements in the periodic table are also grouped into families, wich are the colums. Elements in families have similar properties
  4. The elements are also categorized into periods, or horizontal rows
    1. Elements in periods do not have similar properties
5. While most atoms have the same number of Protons and Neutrons, some don´t
6. Some atoms have more or less Neutrons and Protons . These are called isotopes
7. An atomic mass number with a decimal is the total of the number of protons plus the average number of Neutrons
8. Common elements and symbols
9. METALS
  1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
  2. Metals are shiny
  3. Metals are malleabe (Can be pounded into thin sheets)
  4. A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water wich results in corrosion
10. NON-METALS
  1. Non-Metals are poor conductoors of heat and electricity
  2. Non-Metals are not ductile or malleable
  3. Solid Non-Metals are bittle and break easily
  4. They are dull
  5. Many Non-Metals are gases
11. METALLOIDS
  1. Metallodis (Metal-like) have properties of both metals and Non-Metals
  2. They are solids that can be shiny or dull
  3. They conduct heat and electricity better than nometals but not as well as metals
  4. They are ductile and malleable
12. FAMILIES
  1. Elements in each family have similar but not identical properties
  2. For example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K) , and other members of family IA are all soft, white, shiny, metals
  3. All elements in a family have the same number of valence electrons
  4. Colums of elements are called groups or families
13. PERIODS
  1. Each horizontal row of elements is called a period
  2. The elements is a period are not alike in properties
  3. The first element in a period is always an extremely active solid. The last element in a period, is always an inactive gas
  4. In fact, the properties change greatly acrosseven given row
14. FAMILIES IN THE PERIOD TABLE OF ELEMENTS
  1. Periodic Table of the Elements
  2. Hydrogen
    1. The hydrogen square sits atop Family AI, but it is not a member of that fsmily. Hydrogen is in a class of its own
    2. It´s a gas at room temperature
    3. It has one proton and one electron in its one and only energy level
    4. Hydrogen only needs 2 Electrons to fill up its valence shell
15. ALKALI METALS
  1. The alkali family is found in the first colum of the periodic table
  2. Atoms of the alkali metals have a single electron in their outermost level, in other words, 1 valence electron
  3. They are shiny, have the conssistency of clay and are easly cut with a knife
  4. They are the most reactive metal
  5. They ract violenty whith water
  6. Alkali metals are never found as free elements in nature. They are always bonded with another element
16. ALKALINE EARTH METALS
  1. They have two valence Electrons
  2. They are never found uncobined in nature
  3. Alkaline earth metals include magnesium and calcium, among others.
17. What does it mean to be reactive?
  1. We will be describing elements acording to their reactivity
  2. Elements that are reactive bond easily with other elements to make compounds
  3. Some elements are only found in nature bonded with other elements
  4. What makes an element reactive
    1. An incomplete valance Electron level
    2. All atoms (Expept hydrogen) want to have 8 electrons in their very outermost energy level (This is called the rule of octent
    3. Atoms bond until this level is complete. Atoms with few valence Electrons lose them during bonding. Atoms with 6, 7, or 8 valence Electrons gain Electrons during bonding
18. TRANSITION METALS
  1. Transition elements include those elements in the B families
  2. These are the metals you are probably most familiar: copper, tin, zinc, iron, nickel, gold, and silver
  3. They are good conductors of heat and electricity
19. TRANSITION METALS
  1. The compouds of transition metals are usually brightly colored and are often used to color paints
  2. Transition elements have 1 or 2 valence electrons, wich they lose when they form bonds with other atoms. Some transition elements can lose electrons in their next- to- outermost level
20. TRANSITION ELEMENTS
  1. Transition elements haver properties similar to one another and to other metals, but their properties do not fit in with those of any other family
  2. Many transition metals combine chemically with oxygen to form compounds called oxides
21. BORON FAMILY
  1. The Boron family is named after the first element in the family
  2. This family includes the most abundant metal in the earth´s crust (aluminium)
  3. This family includes a metalloid (boron), and the rest are metals
  4. Atoms in this famili have 3 valence Electrons
22. CARBON FAMILY
  1. Atoms is the family have 4 valence Electrons
  2. This family includes a Non-Metal (carbon), metalloids, and Metals
  3. The element carbon is called the "basis of life". There is an entire brant of chemistry devoted to carbon compound called organic chemistry
23. NITROGEN FAMILY
  1. The nitrogen family is named after the element that make up 78% of our atmosphere
  2. This family includes Non-Metals, Metalloids, and Metals
  3. Atoms in the nitrogen family have 5 valence Electrons. They tend to share Electrons when they bond
  4. Other elements in the family are phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth
24. OXYGEN FAMILY
  1. Atoms of this family have 6 valence Electrons
  2. Oxigen is the most abundantelement in the earth´s crust. It is extremely active and combines with almost all elements
  3. Most elements in this family share Electrons when forming compounds
25. HALOGEN FAMILY
  1. The elements in this family are fluorine, chloroine, bromine, iodine, and astatine
  2. Alogen atoms only need to gain 1 Electron to fill their outermost energy level
  3. Halogens have 7 valence Electrons, wich explains why they are the most active Non-Metals. They are never found free in nature
  4. They react with alkali metals to form salts
26. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
  1. One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called trans-uranium, wich means syntethic or man-made
  2. The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lathanide and actanide series
27. NOBLE GASES
  1. Noble Gases are colorlessgases that are extremely un-reactive
  2. One important property of the Noble Gases is their inactivity. Thy are inactivy because their outermost energy level is full
  3. Thefamily of Noble Gases includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
  4. Noble gases are called inert
  5. All the Noble Gases are found in small amounts in the earth´s atmosphere

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Periodic Table

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