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D. Preservation and Conservation of
Soil, Water, Flora and Fauna of Forest,
and Mangrove Swamps.
- ☻ Preservation ensures the sustainable use of natural resources.
- ☻ Conservation is the protection and management of the Earth’s natural resources.
- ☻ Proper soil management techniques are required to maintain soil structure, soil fertility and to reduce soil
erosion
- o Crop rotation where different crop plants are grown in a field in regular rotation
- o Tillage or mechanical preparation of the soil, for example by ploughing
- o Addition of the inorganic fertilizer to promote plant growth.
- o Drainage and irrigation to carefully manage water supplies.
- o Crop rotation where different crop plants are grown in a field in regular rotation
- ☻ Water is vital to life and as such it is an important material resource that needs to be protected and managed
properly.
- ☻ The integrated water resources management ( IWRM) needs to be practised for sustainable development.
- ☻ IWRM takes into account water sub-sectors such as hydropower, water supplies and sanitation, irrigation and
drainage, and the environment.
- ☻ Forests need to be preserved and conserved as they play various roles.
- o They act as a carbon sink where during the process of photosynthesis their massive foliage absorbs carbon
dioxide and turns it into organic material locked up in trees. As a byproduct of photosynthesis, forests release
life-sustaining oxygen to the atmosphere.
- o They act like a huge sponge that absorbs, retains and slowly releases water back to the rivers and waterways.
Thus forest helps prevent soil erosion and possible landslide.
- o They act as a provider of timber and non timber products such as wild fruits, bamboo, rattan, honey and others.
- o They act as a depository for medicinal plants.
- o They act as a reservoir of biological diversity.
- o They act as a carbon sink where during the process of photosynthesis their massive foliage absorbs carbon
dioxide and turns it into organic material locked up in trees. As a byproduct of photosynthesis, forests release
life-sustaining oxygen to the atmosphere.
- ☻ As such, sustainable forest management is important so that invaluable forest resources are managed
properly to provide a continuous flow of vital products.
- ☻ The practice of sustainable forest management include selective logging, reforestation ( establishment of
areas of forest) , and establishment of forest reserves.
- ☻ Mangrove forest are among the world’s most productive and complex ecosystem. They are important because
they are :
- o Are rich in biodiversity as they provide habitats and feeding sites for both terrestrial and aquatic organisms.
- o Provides flood control.
- o Are a sources of raw material for buildings and food.
- o Protects banks and shores against the force of tides thus preventing soil erosion of coastlines.
- o Filter water and other effluents.
- o Are rich in biodiversity as they provide habitats and feeding sites for both terrestrial and aquatic organisms.
- ☻ The National Mangrove Management Plan takes into account the economic, social and environmental
concerns so as to optimise returns while ensuring resources sustainability.
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