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The Internet
- A network of computer
networks and computers using a
globally unique address space
based on the Internet Protocol
and TCP/IP to support public
access to email and web pages
ect
- (WWW) World Wide
Web is a system of
interlinked, hypertext
documents accessed
via the internet
- End to end princible
- Two computers control a
communication across the
intenet
- Each computer using
the internet should be
uniquely identified
- Two computers control a
communication across the
intenet
- Packet switching
- Data packets flow across the
internet between two end points
that control their
communication
- A message is broken into variable
length packets consisting of part of
the data, source and destination
adress
- The packets travel
independently through the
internet backbone, routed on
the basis of the destination
adress
- Data packets flow across the
internet between two end points
that control their
communication
- Routers
- Hosts are computers
running applicfations
- A router is a special switch that
recieves packets from one host or
router and uses the destination IP
address
- Hosts are computers
running applicfations
- Gateways
- Connects networks that use
different protocols
- Each network is connected to the
internet through a router gateway the
gateway overcomes the mismatch
between different networks
- Connects networks that use
different protocols
- Internet address
- Each computer on the
internet is labeled with a
globally unique address
known as an internet
protocol address
- The numbering
system IPv4 used today
allows for 232 different
adresses
- All these unique addresses
make up a single logical
address space. At a binary
level, an IPv4 address consists
of 32 bits
- Each computer on the
internet is labeled with a
globally unique address
known as an internet
protocol address
- Domain names/ IP
addresses
- Hierarchical system using abbreviations
and names. Examples of top level
domain suffixes include arp,mil ,com,
edu, gov and country names such as .uk
- Domain name system
DNS. Watch DNS made
easy
- DNS server translates fully
qualified domain name into
an IP address
- URI Uniform resource
identifier is an identifier
for a resource.
- A URL identifies via its
network location
- A URN identifies a
resource from its name
- A URL identifies via its
network location
- DNS server translates fully
qualified domain name into
an IP address
- A domain name identifies a network of
computers whilst a fully qualified domain
name uniquely identifies a particular host
on this working
- Hierarchical system using abbreviations
and names. Examples of top level
domain suffixes include arp,mil ,com,
edu, gov and country names such as .uk
- Client server model
- Server is software
process that provides a
service requested by a
client software process
- A client is a software
process that requests and
uses the services provided
by a server
- A client software process
initiates a request for some
service from a server software
process which responds to that
request
- Server is software
process that provides a
service requested by a
client software process
- Protocols
- FTP Uploading
files to a web
server
- Telnet logging into
and running
software on a
remote computer
- HTTP Hypertext
transfer protocol:
viewing web pages
- POP3 downloading
personal emails
from a webmail
server
- (Secure) SHTTP
accessing secure
web pages
- SMTP sending
emails
- FTP Uploading
files to a web
server
- TCP/IP
- 4 layers application,
transport, network
and link
- Application
- Handles the details of a
particular network link
application
- Handles the details of a
particular network link
application
- Transport
- Establishes supervises and
maintains a connection
between two communicating
applications one on each host. it
ensures a reliable flow of data,
detects when errors occur
- Splits data that the
applications wish to
send into chunks to fit
packets and
reassembles recieved
packet data in to data
for application
- Establishes supervises and
maintains a connection
between two communicating
applications one on each host. it
ensures a reliable flow of data,
detects when errors occur
- Network
- Addresses packets with source
and destination IP addresses so
that they may be routed through
the internet
- Addresses packets with source
and destination IP addresses so
that they may be routed through
the internet
- Link
- Handels all the physical details of
interfacing with the cable including
the network interface card and a
device driver
- Handels all the physical details of
interfacing with the cable including
the network interface card and a
device driver
- Application
- 4 layers application,
transport, network
and link
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