Acute Leukemia

Definition
1. Neoplasia de immature cells (Blasts) >20%
  1. >WBC's, <RBC's, platelets, neutrophiles
Subtypes
1. ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)
  1. Test: TdT+
  2. Subtypes
    1. B-ALL
      1. Causes: t(12,21) NIñOS, t(9,22) ADULTOS
      2. Markers: CD10, CD19, CD20
      3. Treatment: Respond well to chemotherapy, Need Injection in scrotum and CSF
    2. T-ALL
      1. Markers: CD2, CD8
      2. Characteristics: MASS (lymphoma)
  3. Associated with Down Syndrome (AFTER 5 yrs old)
2. AML (Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia)
  1. Tst: MPO, Auers Rod
  2. Subtypes
    1. Promyelocitic
      1. Causes: t (15,17) Retinoic Acid Receptor Disrupted, cells can't mature
      2. Complications: Auers Rods activate coagulation cascade, risk for DIC
      3. Treatment: ATRA
    2. Monocytic
      1. Causes: Neoplastic proliferation of Monoblasts
      2. Characteristics: Swelling gums
    3. Meakarioblastic
      1. Lack MPO
      2. Associated with Down Syndrome (BEFORE 5 yrs old)
  3. Myelodisplastic Syndrome
    1. Characteristics: HYPERCELLULAR BONE MARROW (because not apropiate development of cells) CITOPENIA (because cells are stuck in Bone Marrow)
    2. Blasts <20% but can progress to AML
    3. Pacientes bajo quimioterapia o radioterapia expuestos a alkylating agents

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

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