Theory of Knowledge

The most important area of philosophy
1. Philosophers: Tripartite theory of knowledge
  1. Justified true belief, is a working model
  2. Types of knowledge
    1. Personal or knowledge by acquaintance
      1. When we claim to know something or is to be familiar with something
        Involve possessing at least some propositional knowledge and involves more than knowledge of propositions.
        Involve coming to know a certain number of propositions in a particular way
    2. Procedural or knowledge how to do something
      1. Are not simply claiming that they understand the theory involved in those activities
        Possess the skills involved, that they are able to do these things
        To have all of the relevant propositional knowledge, without having the procedural knowledge
    3. Propositional or knowledge of facts
      1. We are claiming to have propositional knowledge.
        The primary concern of epistemology is propositional knowledge
        Is not enough to give you either personal knowledge or procedural knowledge.
        It is propositional knowledge that is in view in most epistemology
We get our knowlege
1. Two traditions
  1. Synthesis of the two traditions is more plausible
    1. Justification
      1. To consider the evidence for form true beliefs.
      2. Three theories of epistemic justification
        Foundationalism, coherentism, reliabilism
  2. Empirism
    1. Experience
    2. All of our knowledge is ultimately derived from our senses or our experiences, deny the existence of innate knowledge
      1. fits well with the
      2. It struggles, however, to account for certain types of knowledge
    3. Theory that experience is of primary importance in giving us knowledge of the world
      1. We learn through perception, knowledge without experience is impossible
    4. Classical: a rejection of innate, in-born knowledge or concepts.At birth we know nothing; it is only subsequently that the mind is furnished with information by experience
    5. Radical: Only if it is possible to empirically test a claim that the claim has meaning. impossible for us to talk about that which we have not experienced
      1. Statements that are not tied to our experiences are therefore meaningless
        Assosiate with logical positivism
      2. Requires the abandonment of religious and ethical discourse and belief.
    6. Moderate: there may be some cases in which the senses do not ground our knowledge, but hold that these are exceptions to a general rule.
      1. All significant, interesting knowledge, comes to us from experience
  3. Modern scientific wordview
    1. Empiricism
    2. Places an emphasis on experimentation and observation.
  4. Rationalism
    1. Reason
    2. Our knowledge is derived from reason alone, and is important in the acquisition of all of our knowledge
      1. Reason play a role in observation, the mind is more fundamental than the senses in the process of knowledge-acquisition
    3. It is reason, not experience, that is most important for our acquisition of knowledgeIs
      1. Three types of knowledge
        1° We possess at least some innate knowledge, some basic instincts, some innate concepts: faculty for language
        2° There are some truths that, though not known innately, can be worked out independent of experience of the world
        3° there are some truths that, though grounded in part in experience, cannot be derived from experience alone
      2. John Locke
2. Sources of Knowledge
  1. Books, from the media, and from other people
    1. We must already know: read, how to reason, who to trust
Perceive the world
1. Our knowledge come to by our senses through perception
  1. Determined by world and by us
2. Perception
  1. Complex process
Persisten problem
1. Is not what knowledge is or what it comes from, but whether there is any such thing at all
Epistemology
Tripartite Theory of Knowledge
1. Platon: three conditions must be satisfied in order for one to possess knowledge.
  1. Analyses knowledge as justified true belief
    1. If you believe something, with justification, and it is true, then you know it; otherwise, you do not.
2. Belieg
  1. first condition for knowledge
    1. If something is true, and one has excellent reasons for believing that it is true, one cannot know it without believing it
3. Truth
  1. If one knows a thing then it must be true.
    1. What is false cannot be known; knowledge must be knowledge of the truth
      1. Plato
  2. Second condition for knowledge
4. Justification
  1. Third condition for knowledge
    1. Lucky guesses cannot constitute knowledge; we can only know what we have good reason to believe

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Theory of Knowledge

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