Materials

Hooke's Law
1. tensile force
  1. proportional
    1. extension
      1. if proportional limit not exceeded
    2. F∝x
2. spring constant
  1. gradient
    1. units: N/m
    2. steep
      1. stiffer
    3. shallow
      1. stretchier
Young'd Modulus
1. Stress
  1. F/A
    1. tensile force
    2. cross sectional area
    3. units:N/m^2
2. Strain
  1. x/L
    1. extension
    2. original length
    3. no units
3. measure of elasticity
  1. high
    1. stiff
  2. low
    1. stretchy
4. Graph
  1. up gradient
    1. more stiff
      1. brittle materials
        no plastic deformation
        breaks suddenly
  2. for ductile materials
    1. elastic region
      1. obeys hooke's law up until
        proportional limit
        elastic limit
        no return to original shape
    2. yield point
      1. tensile strength
      2. large amount of plastic deformation
        with constant/ reduced load
  3. platic region
    1. necking
    2. break point
    3. permanent deformation
Properties
1. strength
  1. stress @ which material fails
    1. ductile
      1. premanent stretch
    2. brittle
      1. fracturing
2. ductile
  1. easily
    1. drawn into wire
3. tough
  1. opposite
    1. brittle
  2. alot of energy
    1. create new surface area
4. hard
  1. resistant
    1. scratching/cutting/abrasions
5. stiff
  1. resistant
    1. bending/stretching
6. malleable
  1. easily shaped
Inside Materials
1. bonding
  1. polymer
    1. covalent bonds
      1. strong
      2. rotate
        flexible
    2. cross-links
      1. if stong
        rigid plastic
  2. covalent
    1. shared electrons
      1. strong
        directional
        brittle
        rigid
  3. ionic
    1. strong
      1. directional
        no slipping
        brittle
        rigid
  4. metallic
    1. free electrons
      1. non-directional
        allows rows to slip
        ductile
        tough
2. structures
  1. polycrystalline
    1. many grains
      1. random orientations
      2. crystals
        uniform rows of atoms

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