PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

1. ESTRUCTURE
   1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
      1. Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + past participle
   2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
      1. Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + "not" + past participle
   3. INTTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
      1. Auxiliary verb (to have) + subject + past participle...?
2. USAGE
   1. The present perfect is used for actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now. You can use the present perfect with non specific time expressions ("never", "ever", "many times", "for", "since", "already", "yet"...).
3. EXAMPLE
   1. I have talked to Peter.
   2. I haven’t talked to Peter.
   3. Have you talked to Peter?

1. USAGE
   1. We use this time when we want to express the sense of continuity of an action that has begun in the past and that still lasts in the present or that has just ended. We refer to something we have been doing in a period of time, therefore, we use the time prepositions "for" and "since".
2. EXAMPLE
   1. They have been talking for three hours.
   2. They haven’t been talking for more than a few minutes.
   3. Have they been talking for a long time?
3. ESTRUCTURE
   1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
      1. Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + "been" + verb+ing.
   2. NEGATIVA SENTENCES
      1. Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + "not" + "been" + verb+ing.
   3. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
      1. Auxiliary verb (to have) + subject + "been" + verb+ing?

1. 1. The 'present perfect continuous' emphasizes the duration or continuity of the action. 2. The 'present perfect simple' denotes that the situation is completed and emphasizes the result. 3. The present perfect continuous is also used to indicate that an action is repetitive. 4. The present perfect continuous is used to speak of temporary situations or actions and the present perfect to speak of permanent situations or actions. 5. With state verbs, the present perfect continuous cannot be used unless it has a special meaning, as in the present simple and continuous differences.

Anmerkungen:

•    Anonymous. (2018). Present Perfect. Learn English. https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/verb-tenses-present-perfect/present-perfect#:~:text=Para%20formar%20el%20presente%20perfecto,sobre%20como%20formar%20el%20pasado. Anonymous. (2018). Present Perfect Continous. Learn English. https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/verb-tenses-present-perfect/present-perfect-continuous Rodriguo. (2020). Present perfect simple & continuous. Superprof. https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/idiomas/ingles/gramatica-inglesa/verb-tense/present-perfect-simple-continuous.html#:~:text=Podemos%20distinguirlos%20por%20las%20siguientes,have%20been%20working%20all%20day.&text=2%20El%20'present%20perfect%20simple,el%20%C3%A9nfasis%20en%20el%20resultado.