Mind-map Method

The Grammar-Translation Method
1. Way of studying a language that approaches the language first through a detailed analysis of its grammar rules, followed by translating texts into and out of the target language.
2. Known as Prussian Method
3. Reading and writing are the major focus rather than speaking and listening.
4. Presentation and study of grammar rules, which are then practiced through translation exercises.
The Direct Method
1. L. Saveur ( 1826-1907) proposed the Natural Method that was a reference for the entire world.
  1. Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language.
  2. Vocabulary and sentences were taught.
  3. Oral comunication skills were built up carefully in order to get a good process among teachers and students asking and answering questions.
  4. Grammas was taught inductively.
  5. New teaching points were introduced orally.
  6. Correct pronunciation and grammar were emphasized.
2. The language taught actively in the class rather than using analytical procedures that focus on the explanation of grammar rules in classroom teaching.
3. Using of the foreign language.
Approach
1. Theory of the nature of the language
2. A theory of the Nature of learning language.
3. Teachers decide what and how the students need to learn.
Design
1. Definition Of Linguistic Content and Specifications for the selection and Organization of content.
2. A specification of the role of learners.
3. A specification of the role of the teachers.
Procedure
1. Descriptions of techniques and practices in the instructional system.
Syllabuses
1. Organizing a global order of presentation.
2. Structural
  1. Grammatical and phonological structures.
3. Situational
  1. Situations.
4. Topical
  1. Topics or themes.
5. Functional
  1. Functions
6. Notional
  1. Conceptual categories named notional.
7. Skills
  1. Listening, Writing, Speaking, and Reading
8. Task
  1. Task or activity-based categories.
Techniques
1. Bridging activities
  1. Direct Dialogue.
2. Discussion
  1. Grammar demonstration dialogue.
3. Idea Frame
  1. Lectures on the rule of language.
4. Object-centered lesson
  1. Verb-centered lesson.
Excercises
1. Autonomus interaction
  1. Chain dialogue.
2. Cloze procedire
  1. Conversoin
3. Copying
  1. Expansion
4. Fill-in
  1. Matching
5. Multiple choice
  1. Pattern-drill
6. Translation
  1. True-False.
Overview of curriculum components
1. The framework that helps students to learn effectively and efficiently in a given situation.
  1. Evaluations
    1. Need Analysis
      1. Understanding and produce the language directly in the students.
    2. Objectives
      1. Accomplish a goal in order to attain and satisfy students needs.
    3. Testing
      1. Development of test based on a program's goal and objectives.
    4. Materials
      1. Materials can be used for students to fill the students' needs.
    5. Teaching
      1. Teachers manage their style of teaching with the purpose of using a method appropriate

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Mind-map Method

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