Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Indian Society, 1757-1875: Diverse
Responses to Colonial Rule
- Reform, Reaction, And Creativity
- colonial rule became
regularized
- Indian society
responded
- Hindu College
- founded Indian elites and
colonial officers in 1818
- began to educate in English
- provided path for employment
with colonial state
- esp. when governance language
changed from Persian to English
- for some students, the English culture
was a good alternative to their own
- Young Bengal
- a group of students who critiques
Indian society and like English more
- led by Henry Derozio
- teacher at Hindu College
- adopted English
norms wholeheartedly
- eating beef
- avoided by most Hindus
- converting to Christianity
- vision called for total reform
- replace Indian norms with English ones
- Delhi College
- founded by
Indian elites and
colonial
administrators
founded in 1825
- aimed to educate "respectable people
so that they might find suitable work"
- in colonial sectors of the economy
- demonstrated ways where Indian and
English forms of knowledge blended
- had both English and Oriental Branch
- Urdu received
pride in this college
- a common language that developed under Mughals
- blend of Persian script and vocab with Hindi grammar
- western scientific tracts were translated to Urdu
- Firangi Mahal
- "foreigner's palace"
- scholars developed a
curriculum for Muslim students
firmly embedded in Islam
- so proper Islamic learning
will spread appropriately
- combined language, rational
sciences, logic, rhetoric, and theology
- Shah Waliullah
- Muslim reformer
- sought to encourage Indian
Muslims to follow stricter
Islamic practice and
criticized worship of saints
- follower Sayyid
Ahmed Barelvi
- led campaign in
name of jihad
- not against colonial state but against
perceived violations of Muslims'
religious practice by Ranjit Singh
- Rammohun Roy
- one of most revered
participants in
Bengali Renaissance
- Bengali Renaissance refers to the
flowering of cultural, political, and
religious debate in early 19th Calcutta
- adopted accommodative strategy
- worked for EIC
- fluent in several languages
- Persian
- Sanskrit
- Arabic
- English
- used knowledge of
Christianity and English
to reform Hinduism
- seek to create a renewed,
unified identity for Hinduism
- sought to reform Hinduism
along similar lines as Christianity
- For him, it was Indians like him who
would restore Hinduism to its past glory
- Brahmo Sabha, 1828
- his organization
- many elite Bengali families joined
- came to be called
Brahmo Samaj
- representative of the founding of other
new civil society organizations that
wanted to bring like-minded Indians
together in social and political endeavors
- Radha Kanta Deb
- founded the Dharma Sabha
- organization took defensive line
- Radha Kanta and others tried to
preserve and defend Hinduism
- Gender in Colonial India
- debate about Hindu practice of Sati
- Sati is the
ritual
burning of a
widow upon
her
husband's
funeral
- By 1820s, symbolized Indian men's
barbarity and lack of self-restraint
- educated Bengali
upper-class in
Calcutta criticized
the practice and
urged to ban it
- Roy had an extensive scriptural explanation
of why sati was not endorsed by HInduism
- used Hindu resources
- some like
Radha Kant
Deb
defended
sati
- The Press
- newspaper culture is
implanted in India
- 1st
Indian-owned
English
newspaper
was printed
in 1777
- Bombay
Samachar
- founded
in 1822
- Asia's longest
running
newspaper
- Peasant Resistance
- Shariat Allah
- advocated
for a
reformed
Islam
- had enough
peasant
cultivators,
mostly from
indigo plantations
- protest took
form by
refusing to
pay a tribute
to landowners
- son continued the
work and
organized workers
against
zamindars and
colonial abuses
- Bhil and Santhal Rebellions
- "adibasis" or original inhabitants
- British
called
them
"tribals"
- colonial state labeled some
such groups "criminals" because
they supplemented forest or
nomadic livelihoods with raids
- groups marked as
criminals are watched
- like Bhils
- Four brothers led a major
uprising against the colonial
state between 1855-6
- called the Santhal uprising or hool
- such resistance showed that the
colonial state show that
resistance to colonial state is not
limited to cities and countryside