Using research instruments

Chapter 1
1. Questionnaires
  1. Definition
    1. set of questions
      1. Those that are detailed
        Based on needs or topics of interest
  2. Types of questionnaire
    1. Mail survery
      1. Group questionnaire
        Home abandonment
  3. Types of question
    1. Closed questions
      1. Multiple choice
        Open questions
  4. Uses
    1. Collect data
      1. Effective for transmitting information
        organization of different points of view
  5. Limitations
    1. Leading questions
      1. Complicated questions
        Irritating questions
  6. Issues
    1. Posed or ambiguous questions
      1. Groups can create hours, days or weeks of analysis work.
  7. Data Analisis
    1. Create coding frameworks
Chapter 2
1. Interviews
  1. Definition
    1. Set of assumptions and understandings
      1. about situations
        which are not normally associated with a casual conversation".
    2. Not easy option
      1. But...
        Is a way of obtaining detailed information
    3. Require
      1. controlling
        Closed questions
        Multiple choice
        Open questions
  2. Draft/Types
    1. Unstructured
      1. Very flexible
      2. Difficult to plan
      3. Difficult to “steer”
      4. Can prove difficult to analyse.
    2. Semi-structured
      1. Less flexibility
      2. The interviewer directs the interview
      3. Questions predetermined
      4. Sufficient flexibility
    3. Structured
      1. Questions predetermined.
      2. Control over of questions
      3. Sufficient flexibility
    4. Analyse the data
Chapter 3
1. Mind Map
  1. Definition
    1. Collect and analyze information
      1. For: Draw conclusions and make inferences.
  2. Potential
    1. Effective conceptual analysis
      1. 1) Decide the units
      2. 2) Identify concepts
      3. 3) Define concepts
      4. 4) Decide means of encoding concepts
      5. 5) Set coding rules
      6. 6) Browse information
      7. 7) Information encoding
      8. 8) Analysis of results
  3. Aplications
    1. The textual data is interpreted
      1. Analysis result are provided
        Serves for:
        1) Identify the topic
        2) Set content categories
        3) Test the categories
        4) Data collection
        5) Analyze content and information
  4. Process
    1. The data are encoded with reliability and validity
  5. Quantitative models
    1. Strategies for obtaining an processing information
      1. Employ:
        Numerical magnitudes and formal techniques
        Use
        Numerical Values
  6. Qualitative models
    1. Unique data complexities
      1. Not require
        Aply a predefined encording framework
        Complex numerical analysys
      2. Only use when
        1) You are interested in highly accurate results.
        2) There is a possibility that the data collected is biased.
        3) The data collected will be statistically related to numerical data.
Chapter 5
1. Observation
  1. ¿What is?
    1. a prolonged period of intense social interaction between the researcher and the subjects
  2. Why choose observation?
    1. Social researchers are interested in the ways in which people act, interpret and understand the world
    2. Observation is a tool that allows researchers to understand more about what is happening, rather than just asking questions.
  3. More than just looking
    1. the best observa tional researchers are skilled in a technique of looking in a focused and systematic way
    2. Others include listening, participating, contributing, pursuing, questioning,communicating, interacting, sharing, refraining, retreating, negotiating, timing,recording, describing, and so on.
  4. Should you consider using observation in your research?
    1. When the ways in which people behave and interact with one another in a social setting are important to your research.
      1. When you are interested in researching social settings and what happens in them.
        When the best way to research what you want to know is to experience it for yourself
        When a flexible approach to research is needed
  5. Planning and conducting your observation
    1. Reasonably confident of two things: the focus of your study and the research questions you intend to address
Chapter 4
1. Focus groups
  1. Definition
    1. Carefully planned and moderated informal discussion
      1. One person's ideas bounce off another's
        Create an informative dialogue
  2. Purposes
    1. Address a specific topic, in depth
    2. Comfortable environment to elicit a wide a range of:
      1. Opinions
      2. Attitudes
      3. Perceptions
      4. Feelings
        From a group who share common experience relative to the dimension under study
  3. Uses
    1. Gather rich
    2. Descriptive data in a small group
      1. Participants who agree to focus
        Topic of mutual interest
  4. Advantages
    1. The discussion will be richer, deeper and honest
    2. Participants do not have to wait for their turn to speak
    3. All participants have equal acess to the discussion
  5. Procedure
    1. The five "S" of group interaction
      1. Synergism
      2. Snowballing
      3. Stimulation
      4. Security
      5. Spontaneity

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