Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Untitled
- Types of Love
- Eros
- Sexual love
- Focuses on the body
- Philia
- Friendship
- It is a love which prefers those like me
over those unlike me
- Storge
- Family love
- Natural affection
- Agape
- Pope Francais
- “Form the cross, Christ
teaches us to love even
those who do not love us”
- Unconditional, sacrificial love
- The Good Samaritan
- Fredrich Niezche
- “Christianity gave Eros poison to
drink; he did not die of it, certainly,
but degenerated by vice”
- Psycological Egoism
Thomas Hobbes
- Norman Geisler
- “Erotic love is egoistic. It says ‘My first and last consideration is myself.’
Philic love is mutualistic. It says ‘I will give as long as I receive’. Agapic
love, on the other hand, is altruistic, saying ‘I will give, requiring nothing
in return”.
- "A human being, however much he or she
may wish to seek to do otherwise, cannot do
other than serve their own best interests"
- "A human being is being psychologically
incapable of doing anything that does not
promote his or her own interest"
- Homosexuality
- Fletcher
- “Jesus said nothing against birth control, childlessness,
homosexuality, masturbation, fornication, pre-martial intercourse,
sterilization, artificial insemination, abortion, sex play, petting or
courtship. Whether any form of sex, hetro, homo, or auto is good or
evil, depends on whether love is fully served”
- - “Love is the only intrinsic good” –
The 6 Fundamental Principles
- Alfred Kinsey
- “The only unnatural sex act is that which you can’t preform”
- Led a report in the 1940s regarding peoples sex lives
- Other
- “Obviously the penis belongs to the
vagina: that is something fundamental
to the way God has made us”
- God created Adam and Eve
not Adam and Steve”
- Dormer
- “The injunction to ‘love you neighbour as yourself’
leads them to accept and even celebrate their gay
friends in faithful, permanent and stable
relationships”
- St Paul
- Describes homosexuality as “unnatural intercourse”
- Aquinas
- Procreation! Primary precept
- “The act of sex is wrong when the act of
it’s nature is incompatible with the
purpose of the sex act [procreation]”
- Christian Views
- Genesis
- “It is not good for man to be alone. I will
make a helper suitable for him” - Sex isn't
specified
- Sodom and Gomorrah:
Homosexual tendencies lead to the
destruction of the two cities
- Concept of power play – older men in Ancient Greek times
would have sex with pre pubescent boys to assert their
dominance. In prisons today men still rape each other.
- "Molly's" were examples of gay prostitutes
- "A man leaves his father and mother and is
united to his wife, and they become one flesh"
- Leviticus
- “If a man lies with a man as he does
with a woman, he commits an
abomination and shall be put to death”
- "Man shall not have sexual relations
with another man; God hates that"
- Corinthians
- "Homosexuals... will [not] inherit the
kingdom of God"
- Monsignor Krzystof Charamsa was a
Catholic priest who came out gay
- Romans
- "God has given those people over to do filthy things their hearts desire,
and they do shameful things with each other, and as they do they bring it
upon themselves the punishment they deserve for their wrongdoing"
- Timothy
- "Law is not made for a righteous person, but for those
who are lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and
sinners... immoral men and homosexuals"
- Catholic priest scandal in Ireland - pedophiles
- Nothing in the Bible said about homosexuals
- St Paul uses the word "arsenokoitai", which may have even
been coined by Paul himself, which essentially means "male
prostitute"
- Catechism
- Don't approve of homosexual acts, and believe they should be repressed.
However, they should still be treated with compassion, respect and sensitivity
- "Homosexual persons are called to chasity"
- Desmond TuTu
- "To treat some people as less worthy on
account of their... gender or sexual
orientation brings grief to God"
- Views on Sex
- Augustine
- “Surely such a man would prefer, if possible, to beget
children without lust of this kind” - - “The babbling impulses of
puberty befogged love’s serenity and lust’s darkness”
- Aquinas
- Primary Precepts: Procreation: No masturbation, contraception,
homosexuality or casual sex (e.g. adultery and fornication) Contribute to society: “Honour your
parents”, “Do not commit adultery”
- Kant
- Concept of only humans having reason - “Sex exposes mankind to the danger of equality with
the beasts… a person who sexually desires another person objectifies the other person, both
before and during sexual activity and makes the loved person an object of appetite”
- Peter Singer
- The moral case for acceptance of sexual relationships
between consenting adults that do not harm others is ...
clear-cut’
- Jeremy Bentham
- “The greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest number” – promotes rape
- “Pleasure is good and pain is bad” -Can be linked to contracterian sex
- John Stuart Mill
- “It is better to be a human
dissatisfied than a pig satisfied,
better to be Socrates dissatisfied
than a fool satisfied” - Higher
and low pleasures – sex is a low
pleasure as it is physical
- Song of Songs emphasises the
joys and pleasure of sex
- Sex seen as sinful,
originated from the fall of
man
- Acts suggested in the Bible
- Incest
- Lot and his daughters
- Son of David and his half sister
- Rape
- Lot and his guests, and his daughters
- Adultery
- David and Bathsheba
- Tamara and Juda (father in law, as well as brother in law)
- Infertility
- Sarah and Hagar
- Gender Views
- Feminism
- MacKinnon
- Argues against ‘natural law’ and ‘autonomous
choice’. Believe that society Is so unequal that
they only think they have choice – are sexual
tools for men, and that we are
socialised/conditioned to meet male sexual
wants – male dominance and female
submission
- Jill Johmston
- Endorses sex among women only as a way
of making a political statement and
transcending male oppression. Lesbian
Sepratists believe they should just have sex
with each other
- Less radical feminists/non-feminists argue that radical
feminism portrays men as incapable of nature of anything
other than oppression and exploitation
- Feministic ideals
- - Total separation from men and women
- A biological revolution – artificial
reproduction - No child rearing / birth
- Pay women in domestic spheres the
same amount as men in a public sphere
- Christian Views
- St Paul
- “The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband
does; and likewise also the husband does not have authority over his own
body, but the wife does"
- Augustine
- “In a physical sense, woman has
been made for man”
- Genesis
- “Your duty is to your husband and he shall rule over you”
- Adam and Eve, created
alike, punished equally
- “So God created man in his image… man and
woman he created them” - Equal
- “It is not good for man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for
him” - unequal? Helper? Made from Adams rib
- "He formed a woman out of the rib" - man is closer to God
- Leviticus
- “If a man commits adultery with his wife of his neighbour, both
the adulterer and the adulteress shall be put to death”
- Corinthians
- "It is a disgraceful thing for a woman to speak
in Church"
- Luke
- "The twelve disciples went with him and so did some women
who had been healed of evil spirits and diseases
- Equal - both disciples / Women weren't actual disciples
though / Jesus must have seen them as equals as he made
them good
- Timothy
- "Adam was formed first... It was a
woman who was decieved and
became a sinner"
- Ephesians
- "The husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of
the Church"
- Galalations
- There is neither... male nor female,
for you are all one in Christ Jesus
- John
- "Jesus' disciples returned, and they were generally surprised to
find him talking with a woman"- didn't question it though
- Desmond Tutu
- "To treat some people as less worthy on account of their...
gender or sexual orientation brings grief to God"
- Change of views
- Women can work, men can stay at home
- C of E allows female ordination since 1994
- July 2014 CofE General Synod passed a vote
on female bishops
- Marriage
- RCC - wife looks after family, unequal
- CofE - Equal in marriage, 'imago dei'
- Same sex - equal
- Contractarian Sex
- Link with Libertarianism
- More equal? Both consenting
- Social Milieu
- The Sitz im Leben
- Marriage
- Changes in trends
- Dominion (modern)
- Believed that pre-martital sex is strong
and continuous as according to him sex is
not dangerous, but rather it is powerful
- Less people have sex after marriage
- Medicine: Treat
people for STDs, infant
mortality, death at
pregnancy
- 2014 Gay
marriage is legal
- More classes of adultery
- Lower religious population, not seen as 'sinful'
- Less people getting married
- Sex before marriage is
now acceptable
- Contraception, have a huge population
- Dormer
- Believes cohabitation leads to marriage
- Children no longer seen as illegitimate
- 50% of children born out of wedlock
- Just a piece of paper
- Roles in marriage
have changed
- Women can work,
men can stay at home
- Higher divorce rates, 40%
- People live longer - bored of same person
- No longer seen as sinful, less religious people
- Purpose
- Procreation
- Love
- Fletcher
- “Love is the only intrinsic
good” – The 6 Fundamental
Principles
- “Jesus said nothing against birth control, childlessness,
homosexuality, masturbation, fornication, pre-martial
intercourse, sterilization, artificial insemination, abortion,
sex play, petting or courtship. Whether any form of sex,
hetro, homo, or auto is good or evil, depends on whether
love is fully served”
- Arranged
- Sacred
- Sexual Intimacy
- "One flesh"
- Different ceremonies
- Roman Catholic Church
- Priests and Pope
can't marry in
Catholicism
- Abstain from sex
until marriage
- St Paul
- “If you marry
you do not sin”
- Never married, but instead stayed
celibate. Believed celibacy was a special
gift, and it was better to marry to avoid
the sin of pre-martial sex
- Procreation
- Genesis
- Genesis: “Be fruitful and
multiply”
- “Flesh of flesh”
- “Come let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie
with him, that we may preserve offspring from our
father”
- Unequal roles
- Genesis: “Your duty is to your husband
and he shall rule over you”
- Marriage is a sacrament
- Same Sex
- Leviticus
- “If a man lies with a man as he does with a woman, he
commits an abomination and shall be put to death”
- Equal
- Affirmation of love
before God
- Love, companionship
- Genesis “It is not good for man to
be alone. I will make a helper
suitable for him”
- Church of England
- Jesus never got
married, but had a
positive view on
marriage
- Luther
- "Priesthood of all believers" - argued we were all
equal therefore priests should marry. Luther
then left his monetary to marry. Erasmus also
praised marriage
- Liberal - can divorce, have sex before
- Song of Songs
- Main premises: Joys
of sex, male and
female marriage
- “My beloved thrust his hand into the
opening and my inmost being yearned for
him. I rose to open to my beloved.”
- "You are stately as a palm
tree and your breasts like its
clusters, I say I will climb the
palm tree and lay hold of its
braches”
- “And his fruit was sweet to my taste”
- “Your navel is like a round goblet
which never lacks mixed wine”
- "The polyphony of love finds
expression in the lovers bodily
union, therefore love and
companionship is the most vital"
- Love, companionship
- "She is worth far more than jewels, her
husband puts his confidence in her and she will
never be poor"
- Genesis “It is not good for man to be alone. I will make a
helper suitable for him”
- Equal
- Leviticus: “If a man commits
adultery with his wife of his
neighbour, both the adulterer
and the adulteress shall be
put to death”