Political Economy of Development

Historical context - 1950s+60s
1. 40 African countries gain independence
2. Shift in power to USA
  1. Cold War
3. Cuban Revolution
4. Coups + US intervention in Latin America
  1. Guatemala
  2. El Salvador
  3. Ecuador
  4. Brazil
  5. Dominican Republic
Development Paradigms
Modernisatiion
1. 'The process of social change whereby LDCs acquire characteristics common to MDCs' (Lerner)
  1. Development as an economic component
  2. Social + economic planning
2. Growth, public participation + access
3. Perspectives
  1. Economic
  2. Sociological
  3. Psychological
  4. Political
  5. Anthropological
Rostow - Stages of Economic Growth
1. 1. Traditional society
2. 2. Pre- take off stage
3. 3. Take off stage
4. 4. Drive to maturity
5. 5. High mass consumption
Structuralism (Prebisch-Singer)
1. Development not linear
  1. Uneven development
2. Structural constraints
  1. Primary commodity specialisation
  2. Declining terms of trade between primary + manufactured products
  3. Internal division
    1. Urban (modern)
    2. Rural (traditional)
3. Solution to development
  1. Development = industrialisation
  2. Import Substitution Industrialisation
  3. State intervention
Dependency: AG Frank
1. ISI being questioned
2. Baran + Sweezy
  1. Monopoly capitalism
3. Economic theory ignores history + fails to take account of:
  1. Relations between the metropolis + economic colonies
  2. Structure + development of capitalist system
  3. Simultaneous underdevelopment + economic development
4. 'Now developed countries never underdeveloped... may have been undeveloped'
5. City/countryside analogies to imperial metropole/satellite relations
Unequal exchange: Amin + Emmanuel
1. Emphasis on production
  1. Wage rate in export sector low due to economic, social + political conditions
2. Export sector benefits from cheap labour
  1. Advanced production forces in developed ocuntries
  2. Backward in rest of world
3. Rich countries
  1. High wage/low profit
4. Poor countries
  1. Low wage/high profit
5. Equalisation of profit through trade + economic transfer of surplus via unequal exchange
World Systems Theory
1. 3 tiers
  1. Core
  2. Semi-periphery
  3. Periphery
2. Strength of state key to transfer of surplus
3. Movement between tiers of resources, wealth + countries
Dependent development: Cardoso
1. Search for raw materials + labour
2. Means of exporting/using profits
3. Finance
  1. Loans, aid + state loan guarantees
    1. Indebtedness
4. New markets in developing world
  1. Internal differentiation + participation
After dependency
1. Questioning of theories
  1. Problem not core countries but capitalism?
  2. Qs. about the role of govt
    1. Neo-liberal counter revolution
2. Development studies sought solutions rather than revolutions
3. Paradigms
  1. Participation (Chambers)
  2. Basic needs (Stewart)
  3. Post-development (Escobar)
  4. Capabilities (Sen)
Human development
1. Development
  1. Expanding the capabilities + possibilities for people to experience well-being
2. Income is means not an end
  1. Inequality matters
  2. Rejecting terms of debate in devmnt. economics
    1. E.g. whether democracy is good for devmnt.
  3. Formal rights not enough if can't be exercised
    1. E.g. literacy may be needed to vote
  4. Free markets need to be interrogated
3. Operationalized in UN's HDI + MPI

Nächster

Political Economy of Development

Beschreibung

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

ähnlicher Inhalt

	Erstellt von jonnie_missin vor etwa 11 Jahre