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Multiple hazard hotspot- California

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Mindmap am Multiple hazard hotspot- California, erstellt von Phoebe Morley am 27/01/2016.
Phoebe Morley
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Multiple hazard hotspot- California
  1. Background information
    1. Ever since 1849, when gold was discovered it has been one of the most popular places to live.
      1. 6th largest economy in the world.
        1. 25 Californian counties have per capita incomes of over $65,000 per year.
          1. Its the US's most hazardous state.
            1. At risk of climatic patterns and plate tectonics.
            2. Plate tectonics
              1. San Francisco lies on the San Andreas Fault. Its a conservative plate boundary of the North American and Pacific plates
                1. San Andreas fault runs from Los Angeles to San Francisco.
                  1. Other fault lines run parallel to this, San Francisco is over both of these.
                    1. In 1906 San Francisco was destroyed by 8.2 Richter scale earthquake.
                      1. Fractured gas pipes which caused explosions and fires.
                        1. burst water mains
                      2. Loma Prieta Earthquake
                        1. Background information
                          1. 5:04 pm on the 17th OCtober 1989
                            1. It had a maginitude of 7.1, it's epicentre was Loma Prieta in the Santa Cruz mountains.
                              1. Magnitude 5.2 aftershocks struck San Francisco, 37 minutes after earthquake.
                              2. Effects
                                1. 63 people died, and 13,757 people were injured.
                                  1. 1018 homes destroyed, 23,408 damaged.
                                    1. 366 businesses destroyed and 3530 damaged.
                                      1. The damage cost $6 billion
                                    2. Northbridge Earthquake
                                      1. Background information
                                        1. In Los Angeles in 4:31 am on 17th January 1994.
                                          1. Magnitude 6.7, striking the densely populated San Fernando Valley in Northern Los Angeles.
                                            1. There were thousands of aftershocks (magnitude 4.0-5.0) caused further damage over the following weeks.
                                            2. Effects
                                              1. 57 people died and over 1500 were seriously injured.
                                                1. 12,500 building were damaged, 25% suffered moderate- severe damage.
                                                  1. 9000 homes and businesses left without electricity for several day.
                                                    1. 20,000 homes and business without gas.
                                                      1. 48,500 people were without water.
                                                        1. Damage to several freeways serving Los Angeles, chocking traffic for 30km.
                                                      2. Climatic patterns
                                                        1. California suffers from drought and forest fire but also flooding and landslide.
                                                          1. Flooding and landslides often follow El Nino but La Nina brings forest fires and droughts.
                                                          2. California Wildfires
                                                            1. Background Information
                                                              1. The bushfires lasted through May and September 2014.
                                                                1. By Mid-May fire services has already dealt with 1,400 bushfires.
                                                                  1. The fires covered a total area of 2,246km squared.
                                                                    1. This photo shows bush fires burning on the 14th May 2014.
                                                                    2. Effects
                                                                      1. At least 146 people were injured.
                                                                        1. There has been two confirmed deaths, one civilian and one fire fighter
                                                                          1. From May- September 483 structures were destroyed.
                                                                            1. May- 68, June- 2, July- 29, August- 19, September- 122, October- 243

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