Zusammenfassung der Ressource
OCD & RELATED DISORDERS
- OCD
- COMPULSIONS OFTEN LOWER ANXIETY CREATED BY OBSESSIONS
- OBSESSIONS AND/OR COMPULSIONS-- DOESN'T HAVE TO BE BOTH
- OBSESSIONS = INTRUSIVE, UNWANTED, RECURRENT THOUGHTS/IMAGES/URGES
- DISTRESSING, UNCONTROLLABLE, FEEL ABNORMAL
- COMPULSIONS = REPETITVE, RITUALISTIC BEHAVIOURS
- BEHAVIOURAL OR COGNITVE
- 1-3 HOURS = MILD, 3-8 = MODERATE, 8+= SEVERE
- MALE = FEMALE, 2-3% LT PREVALENCE
- BRAIN PATTERN DEVELOPS OVER TIME
- SITUATION TRIGGERS OBSESSION
- OBSESSION TRIGGERS ANXIETY CIRCUIT
- ANXIETY RESPONSE TRIGGERS COMPULSION
- ACTING OUT COMPULSION TRIGGERS REWARD CENTRE
- PATHWAY BETWEEN OBSESSION, COMPULSION AND RELIEF IS ESTABLISHED
- BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER
- SEVERE PREOCCUPATION WITH PERCEIVED DEFECT IN APPEARANCE IN ANY PART OF THE BODY
- LIKELY A FORM OF OCD
- TYPICALLY SPEND MANY HOURS LOOKING IN OR AVOIDING MIRRORS, CONSTANTLY TOUCHING BODY PART, ETC
- TREATMENT OPTIONS:
- CBT (CHALLENGING COGNITIONS, GRADUAL EXPOSURE THERAPY)
- SSRI'S MAY BE EFFECTIVE
- HOARDING DISORDER
- PERSISTENT DIFFICULTY IN DISCARDING POSSESSIONS; PERCEIVED NEED TO SAVE ITEMS
- 2-5% LT PREVALENCE
- MOST COMMON IN ELDERLY, LOW -SES/ BORDERING HOMELESSNESS
- TRICHOTILLOMANIA (HAIR-PULLING)
- RECURRENT, UNCONTROLLABLE PULLING OF HAIR RESULTING IN LOSS
- SIMILAR TO OCD-- REMOVAL OF HAIR RELIEVES ANXIETY
- EXCORIATION DISORDER (SKIN PICKING)
- RECURRENT, OBSESSIVE/COMPULSIVE SKIN PICKING RESULTING IN LESIONS
- TRAUMA AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS
- 4 CLUSTERS
- RECURRENT RE-EXPERIENCING OF TRAUMA
- AVOIDANCE OF STIMULI/NUMBING OF GENERAL RESPONSE TO STIMULI
- NEGATIVE COGNITIONS (BLAME) AND ALTERATIONS OF MOOD (OR PARANOIA)
- PERSISTENT SYMPTOMS OF INCREASED AROUSAL (HYPERVIGILANCE)
- TREATMENT
- CBT USUALLY INEFFECTIVE
- SUGGESTED APPROACH = EMDR
- RELATED TO BILATERAL SENSATIONS IN THE BRAIN
- THEORY: RELATED TO REM-SLEEP AND PROCESSING PATTERNS DURING SLEEP