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Mindmap von jesstalbot96, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von jesstalbot96
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Factors affecting Eyewitness
testimony
- eyewitness testimony = EWT
- eyewitness testimony is the
evidence given by a witness after a
significant event such as a crime of
serious accident
- The role of anxiety on EWT
- Loftus (1979) has
done research
unto the 'weapon
focus'
phenomenon.
- Aim: to find out if high
levels of anxiety during a
witnessed incident affect the
accuracy of recall
- Participants were split into two groups
and were each exposed to a different
situation
- situation 1: The group over
heard a discussion in a lab
about equipment failure. A
person then emerged from the
lab with grease on his hands
- Situation 2: Overheard a heated argument, heard
breaking glass and crashing chairs. A man then
emerged from the lab holding a paper knife covered in
blood
- Then showed 50 photos and asked to identify the person
- situation 1: The group over
heard a discussion in a lab
about equipment failure. A
person then emerged from the
lab with grease on his hands
- Results:
- situation 1: 49% accuracy of identification
- situation 2 : 33% accuracy of identification
- situation 2 : 33% accuracy of identification
- situation 1: 49% accuracy of identification
- Results could be down the the "weapon focus"
phenomenon. Witness concentrates on the weapon
not the persons face
- Evaluation:
- Evidence supported by Loftus and Burns. Participants watched a
violent film where a boy was shot in the face. The other group
watched a non violent film. The group that watched the non violent
has much better recall.
- lab studies. Lacks ecological validity.
- Evidence supported by Loftus and Burns. Participants watched a
violent film where a boy was shot in the face. The other group
watched a non violent film. The group that watched the non violent
has much better recall.
- Aim: to find out if high
levels of anxiety during a
witnessed incident affect the
accuracy of recall
- Loftus (1979) has
done research
unto the 'weapon
focus'
phenomenon.
- The role of schemas on EWT
- Schemas are knowledge
packages that are built up through
past experiences.
- Schemas may be used to provide the
basis for a correct guess. If we cant
recall a situation exactly we may make
assumptions of what we assume to
have happened
- Schemas may be used to provide the
basis for a correct guess. If we cant
recall a situation exactly we may make
assumptions of what we assume to
have happened
- Schemas are knowledge
packages that are built up through
past experiences.
- The age of witness on
EWT
- Although it is generally agreed that adults recall
is better than children there are time when only
children were present at an event are the only
ones who can provided information. Therefore it
is important it is known how reliable their EWT is
- Children's
EWT
- Studies have shown that
children are more
susceptible to suggestibility
and their accuracy over time
is poorer.
- Warren et al 2005:
- Questioned adults and children on a
story they had heard previously.
- 15/20 of the questions were misleading
- it was found that misleading questions influenced children's recall much more.
- it was found that misleading questions influenced children's recall much more.
- 15/20 of the questions were misleading
- Questioned adults and children on a
story they had heard previously.
- Warren et al 2005:
- Studies have shown that
children are more
susceptible to suggestibility
and their accuracy over time
is poorer.
- Accuracy over time:
- Flin et al; (1992)
- Questioned both children and adults
one day after an incident.
- No differences in the amount
of accuracy between the two
groups
- No differences in the amount
of accuracy between the two
groups
- questioned again 5 months
later. There was found to be
significant forgetting in
children
- This is significant because there
can potentially be long waits after
the crime being committed for
subsequent procceedings
- This is significant because there
can potentially be long waits after
the crime being committed for
subsequent procceedings
- Questioned both children and adults
one day after an incident.
- Flin et al; (1992)
- Although it is generally agreed that adults recall
is better than children there are time when only
children were present at an event are the only
ones who can provided information. Therefore it
is important it is known how reliable their EWT is
- USe of misleading questions on EWT
- http://psychology4a.com/memory%202.htm
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