Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Financial Adminstration
- Financial Decisions
- Sources of Funds
- Term Loans
Anmerkungen:
- Typically 1- 10 yrs payments are fixed and payed regularly with simple or compound interest
- Overdrafts
Anmerkungen:
- Monthly interest charges for operating facility, going over limit, amount overdrawn (fee varies)
Temporary service for business fluctuations
- Leasing & Hiring
Anmerkungen:
- Types of items vary on business nature e.g. premise, car, machinery
*Funded asset is used as the main source of security
Advantages- avoid upfront financial outlay, fixed monthly payments, upgrades, tax deductable expense, enables business growth + expansion
- Business Credit Cards
Anmerkungen:
- Assist business in start-up phase
Special Features to Ensure Business Usage Only
- Issued to organisation
- Strict card limit
- Multiples cards for employee levels
- Itemised purchases listings
Deals- cheaper annual + transaction fees, low interest rates + zero liability guarentee
'Interest Free Period' except when money is withdrawn
Corporate cards can broker a personal deal
- Crowdfunding
Anmerkungen:
- Advantages
- Marketing tool
- Provides a forum for feedback on project
- Inexpensive way to raise fund
- New + innovative
Disadvantages
- Limited amount that can be raised (depends on 'followers')
- Exposes project
- Subject to security regulation
Ways To Manage-
1. Choose right site (focus must fit business needs)
2. Realistic target + time frame
3. Create a campaign video + regular updates
4. Offer rewards (small incentives)
- Business Angels
Anmerkungen:
- Invest in new or expanding businesses
Provide capital, skills + contacts
- Venture Capital
Anmerkungen:
- Contribute money, skills + time
Provide Capital For-
1. Research + development of an idea
2. Early stages of business
3. Later stage expansion
4. Management of buyouts + buyins
- Financial Policies
Anmerkungen:
- Policies + procedures needed to safeguard the businesses assets
Rules + division of responsibilities are critical to prevent fraudulent activity + errors
- Cash Control
Anmerkungen:
- Cash is the most important asset of a business
- Cash Flow
Anmerkungen:
- Income coming into the business
Positive cash flow outweighs outflow (business profit)
Controlled through a business budget
- Cash Budgets
Anmerkungen:
- Looks at anticipated costs vs. revenue (projection)
Valuable planning tool- forecasts results + accounts for all cash received and disbursed using source documents
Ensures Businesses Can
- Prepare + reduce impact of any consequences
- Proactively respond to results + take corrective action
- Look at trends which will show predictions
- Plan for the future
- Accounts
Department
Anmerkungen:
- Primary Role- track revenue + expenditure
1. Accounts payable- record goods + services received + payments owed
2. Payroll- ensure business pays employees correctly, monitor off time (leave), pay taxes + reimbursements for expenses
3. Inventory- monitor cost vs revenue + balance optimum levels
4. Fixed Assets- record on a balance sheet with appreciation + depreciation
- Source Documents
Anmerkungen:
- Accurately record cash received + disbursed
- Internal Cash Control Strategies
- Strategies Commonly Used
- 1. Rotating Employees
- 2. Evidencing all monies
- 3. Securing monies
- 4. Paying by EFT, credit card or cheque
- 5. Reconcilliation
- 6. Authorising Payments
- Improving Cash Position
Anmerkungen:
- Affected by- declining sales, delayed payments, economy (currency fluctuations) + cost increase of goods and services
PREPARE- predict future outcomes/ issues
- Ways to Improve
- 1. Provide customer
incentives for cash payments
- 2. Prepare a budget
- 3. Encourage a cash
deposit on orders
- 4. Vigilant with suppliers
wanting credit
- 5. Maintain good customer
financial relations
- 6. Seek expert advice + outsource
- 7. Negotiate better trade terms
- 8. Asssess 'buying power'
- Debtor Control
- 1. Undertake Credit Checks
Anmerkungen:
- Checks credibility of potential customer
Fill out 'new application from'
Confirm legitimacy through ASIC
- 2. Approve Credit Limit
Anmerkungen:
- Communicated to customer + recorded in file
Reviewed periodically + adjusted depending on trading record
- 3. Maintaining Accurate Accounting Records
Anmerkungen:
- MYOB- ensure records are recorded accurately
- 4. Issuing Statements of Account
Anmerkungen:
- Used as a reminder + requires payment within a specified term
- 5. Charging Penalties
Anmerkungen:
- Must be stated in credit terms at approval stage
- 6. Producing Aging
Analysis Reports
Anmerkungen:
- Calculates average payment time of customer
- 7. 'Red Flagging' Overdue Accounts
Anmerkungen:
- 1. Reminder
2. Phone Call- can suspend accounts if necessary until debt is cleared
- 8. Debt Collecting
Anmerkungen:
- Outside agency to retrieve funds owed
- Processing Funds
- Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
Anmerkungen:
- Enables an organisation to electronically transfer funds daily from its nominated account directly into a suppliers
B2B (Business to Business) payment option
Lodgement Receipt is a proof of funds transfer confrimed with a remittance advice from supplier
Security measure is to nominate a daily limit for all transfers
- BPAY Payments
Anmerkungen:
- Electronic Bill Payment Service
Invoice includes bpay logo, customer reference number (crn), amount to be payed + due date
Receipt no. is proof or payment
Security measure daily payment information should be checked to ensure payment is received
- Direct Debit
Anmerkungen:
- Organisations automatically receive an invoice payment into their selected account
Must get permission prior- Direct Debit Request Form
- Credit Card Payments
Anmerkungen:
- Customers pay for goods + services using credit cards
Recorded through credit transactions
Merchant service (costs money to have available) must be factored into businesses financial policy on credit transactions
- Cheque
Anmerkungen:
- Doesn't rely on internet but must be put into bank
Record of fund is cheque butt
No electronic copy
- Cash Only
Anmerkungen:
- Advantages
1. Business receives funds immediately
2. Simplest form of payment
3. Limited fraud risk
4. No 3rd party fees
Disadvantages
1. May lose customers who don't have enough cash with them
2. Card payments are more popular
3. Security risk having large amounts of funds on premise
- Online Banking
Anmerkungen:
- Advantages
1. Convenience + Mobility- 24hrs service, make transactions virtually anywhere + faster to keep track of accounts
2. Better Rates- less overhead costs for bank
3. More Services- e.g. financial planning + budgeting tools
Disadvantages
1. Limited Banking Relationship- no personal customer service + less essential advice
2. Timing- not always immediate may be next day
3. Complex Transactions- hard to sort out online + communication issues frequently apparent
4. Security- prone to hacking, malware, identity theft + unauthorised activity
- Procedures for Receiving Monies
Anmerkungen:
- 1. Record through a cash register or renumbered receipt
2. Clear separation of duties
3. Keep in a safe place until deposited
4. Reconcile receipts with statements of account
- Inventory Control
Anmerkungen:
- Affects-
Production (adequate stock to make goods for sale)Cash Flow (reduces moving of stock if excessive)
- Strategies
- 1. Buying in bulk
Anmerkungen:
- 2. Take Advantage of purchase
documents
Anmerkungen:
- Look at terms + conditions of seller- buyer agreement
- 3. Consider customer wants
- 4. Appropriate software to track +
monitor stock levels
- 5. Stock taxes
Anmerkungen:
- Compare computer generated figures with actual items
- 6. Decide optimum stock levels + reorder times
- 7. Track slow/ fast moving stock
- Prepare Against Damage
Anmerkungen:
- Choose appropriate warehousing, install security, surveillance equipment, lockable gates + guard patrols
- Equipment Control
- Procedures
- 1. Asset Register
Anmerkungen:
- 2. Lock away easily stolen equipment
- 3. Record allocated equipment
- 4. Regular stock takes
- 5. Review asset reigister
Anmerkungen:
- Identify equipment to be replaced, removed or upgraded
- Insurance Protection
Anmerkungen:
- Best way to reduce financial impact of a risk occurring by transferring responsibility to insurance company
- Business Should Undertake Own Risk Asessment
Anmerkungen:
- Identify potential risks
Check policy to avoid problems
- Choice of Insurer
Anmerkungen:
- 1. Research Business Insurance- understand products + services available to make decisions on specific needs
2. Contact its Affiliation Industry Association- advice on essential insurance cover for business type
3. Seek Professional Advice- recommends best insurance cover
- Employee Financial Adminstration
Anmerkungen:
- Legal obligation to collect + manage employ financial information
Employee Records- avoid financial errors
Can result in legal implications- costly + produces negative publicty
- Employee Records
- 1. Employment Contract
Anmerkungen:
- Complete an official appointment form
- 2. Tax File Number Declaration
Anmerkungen:
- If not provided employer is required to withhold tax at the top marginal rate
- 3. Banking Details
Anmerkungen:
- Need to provide banking details for pay
- 4. Timesheets
Anmerkungen:
- Employees record no. of hours worked each day to enable officer to calculate wages
- 5. Superannuation Membership
Anmerkungen:
- Employees must provide superfund membership no. as compulsory for employer to pay minimum superannuation guarantee contribution (SG)
Paid regularly (each quarter)
- Superannuation Options
Anmerkungen:
- Can increase salary package- additional voluntary contribution
Self Managed Super Fund (SMSF)
- Payroll Records
Anmerkungen:
- Legally required to keep for at least 5yrs min.
Payroll Records Include-
- Payroll information for each employee
- PAYG records
- Superannuation contributions
- Produce payment advice slips
- Report leave entitlements, allowances + bonuses
- Fringe benefits tax (FBT)
- Fringe Benefits
Anmerkungen:
- E.g. reduce rates loans, business car for personal use, paid entertainment, salary sacrificing, reimbursements of non- business expenses, living- away- from- home expenses
* At discretion of employer
- Security of Financial
Information
- Internet Banking
Anmerkungen:
- Use Internet Banking To-
- Check account balances
- View + search transactions history
- Transfer funds between accounts
- Pay bills + schedule payments in advance
- View + service loans
- Access banking information at any time
Banks spend a lot to protect personal banking information secure sites with firewalls, default out-times + encryption coding systems
Criminals steal money through-
1. Phishing
2. Mule Recruitment
- Identity Theft
Anmerkungen:
- Information can be stolen without knowledge
Main Fraudulent Acts-
1. Account Takeover
2. True Name Indentity
- Online Purchasing
Anmerkungen:
- Organisations Must-
- Check online suppliers are legitimate (ABN's)
- Keep written records of all online transactions (purchases + orders)
- Restrict no. of employees ordering online
- Familiar with terms + conditions associated with online purchases
- Protective Measures
Anmerkungen:
- Training Employees To Protect Against Theft-
- Delete suspicious emails + remain vigilant
- Regularly updating protection + software
- Secure business phone with PINS
- Type actual address into browser when internet banking
- Wipe computer prior to disposal
- Use secure sites only for online purchases
- Check for security symbols (Secure Socket Layers)
- Don't provide credit details over the phone unless initated
- Shred sensitive documents
- Ensure incoming mail is secure
- Ensure on-road employees don't leave documentation in vehicles