Zusammenfassung der Ressource
1900's-1920's
- The Great Migration
- Better working conditions
Anmerkungen:
- Around 1916, when the Great Migration began, a factory wage in the urban North was typically three times more than what blacks could expect to make working the land in the rural South
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration
- After the war broke out there was a shortage of industrial workers, this provided new jobs for the former feild hands
- By the end of 1919, some 1 million blacks had left the South
- Racist Attitudes
Anmerkungen:
- The South of the U.S. was more racist than the North -
- Jim Crow Laws
Anmerkungen:
- Jim Crow laws & ettiquet operated mainly in the south of America but less severly in the northern states
http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm
- Initiated a
'renaissance' of black
culture
- Civil Rights
- Leaders
- Booker T. Washington
- W.E.B. DuBois
Anmerkungen:
- "one simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American, without being cursed and spit upon"
- Marcus Gravey
- Universal Negro
Improvement
Association
- Dedicated to racial uplift
- Influence
- Church
- Workers
- Encouraged racial pride
- Black is beautiful
- Large focus on
racial
advancement
- Nannie H. Burroughs
Anmerkungen:
- "a true woman wouldn't give a cent...for bleached skin and straightened hair...superficial nothing..."
"If Negro women would use half the time they spend in trying to get white in trying to get better, the race would move forward apace, but the production of more white Negroes, whether home-made or born that way, that does not bring to the race more character and worth, are unwelcomed guests that may be excused at any time"
- Baptist
Organiser
+ NACW
member
- The "New Negro"
- New rules of black ettiquete
- Black Hair
Care
Industry
- White Owned
- Occasionally
degrading of
black features
Anmerkungen:
- See sources 29, 12
Madame CJ Walker ad & Crane & Company
- Alteration, not refinement
- Black owned
- Madame CJ Walker
- First self-made
female millionaire
- Wonderful hair grower
- Provided
solutions to
common issues
- Provided jobs
- Racial Uplift
Anmerkungen:
- "My desire is to do more than ever for my race"
- "my desire is to do more than ever for my race. I've caught the vision. I have what they need."
- "I want the great masses of my people to take pride in their appearance."
- Appearance was key
- Ad's focussed on
fixable issues - not
demonizing black hair
Anmerkungen:
- "Black women were trying to move away from white definitions that trapped African-American women into language that condemmed black hair as a handicap - something that needed to be altered from its natural state to be attractive and to allow for a normal life as a regular part of society" source 78