Viscosity & Non-Newtonian Flow

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Viscosity & Non-Newtonian Flow
  1. Viscosity
    1. Viscosity is a measure of how resistance a fluid is to flow. Simply, the thicker the fluid, the longer it takes to flow, and that is how viscosity can be imagined.
      1. Is divided into two components: absolute viscosity and kinematic viscosity.
        1. Absolute viscosity is the most common type of viscosity, which is the coefficient of how good the resistance of flow in a fluid.
          1. Kinematic viscosity is the same as absolute viscosity, but is only applied in the presence of gravity. It also can be visualized as how fast a fluid with certain viscosity can flow.
            1. Relationship: Kinematic viscosity = (Absolute viscosity)/Density of fluid
            2. Newtonian Fluid
              1. A fluid that maintains it viscosity even after an external force is applied. Example is water.
            3. Non-Newtonian Flow
              1. Type of Non-Newtonian Flow
                1. Pseudoplastic - viscosity decreases with increased stress. Dilatant - viscosity increases with increased stress. Thixotropic - viscosity decreases with stress over time. Rheopectic - Viscosity increases with stress over time.
                  1. Examples
                    1. Pseudoplastic - Ketchup, Syrups. Dilatant - Sand in water, Concoction of cornstarch. Thixotropic - Yogurt, gelatin gels. Rheopectic - Printer ink.
                    2. Below: Figure detailing relationship between Non-Newtonian Fluid and shear stress.
                  2. Application
                    1. Measuring oil viscosity is important to determine how to apply Darcy's Law, and can be used to determine the permeability in oil ifield.
                      1. Can also be used to determine the cost of transportation of oil in the well, and to determine the production of oil.
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