muscular dystophy

Anatomy of the foot
1. Bones
  1. talus, calcaneus, cuneiformes (3), cuboid, and navicular
  2. metatarsus (5): first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bone
  3. phalanges (14)
2. Joints
  1. Inferior tibio-fibular joint
    1. Fibrous/syndysmosis
  2. ankle joint
    1. articulation
      1. mortise
      2. talus
    2. movements
      1. dorsiflexion
      2. planterflexion
    3. ligaments
      1. medial collateral
        tibionavicular
        tibiocalcaneal
        ant. and post. tibiotalar
      2. lateral collateral
        calcaneofibular
        ant. and post talofibular
      3. post. tibiofibular
3. Muscles
  1. 1st layer
    1. Abductor hallucis
    2. Flexor digitorum brevis
    3. Abductor digiti minim
  2. 2nd layer
    1. Quadratus plantae
      1. tendon of FHL
        tendon of FDL
    2. Lumbricals
  3. 3rd layer
    1. Flexor digiti minim
      1. Flexor hallucis brevis
        Adductor hallucis
  4. 4th layer
    1. Plantar interossei
    2. Dorsal interossei
      1. tendon of TP
        tendon of FL
4. Nerve
  1. post. tibial
    1. Lateral Plantar
      1. the rest of foot muscles
    2. Medial Plantar
      1. 1) Abductor hallucis. 2) Flexor digitorum brevis. 3) Flexor hallucis brevis 4) First lumbrical muscle
  2. cutaneus
    1. sole
    2. dorsum
5. blood supply
  1. sole
    1. posterior tibial artery
      1. Lateral Plantar Artery
        1st digital artery
        anastomotic branch
        perforating branchs
        1st planter metatarsal
        2nd planter metatarsal
        3rd planter metatarsal
        4th planter metatarsal
        planter arch
      2. Medial Plantar Artery
        deep branch
        superficial branch
  2. dorsum
    1. anterior tibial artery
      1. Dorsalis Pedis Artery
        arcuate
        4th dorsal metatarsal
        5th dorsal metatarsal
        3rd dorsal metatarsal
        2nd dorsal metatarsal
        1st dorsal metatarsal
        medial branch
        lateral branch
        deep planter
        medial and lateral tarsal
6. Gait Cycle
  1. Abnormalities in
    1. skeleton
    2. muscles
    3. nervous system
  2. STRIDE
    1. from the initial contact of a particular limb to the point of initial contact of the SAME limb and is equivalent to one gait cycle
  3. STEP
    1. from initial contact of one limb to the initial contact of the contralateral limb. Therefore, there are two steps in each stride (or gait cycle).
7. Physical examination
  1. special tests
Management
1. STEROIDS
2. creatine monohydrate
Psychological aspects
1. marginalization and isolation
2. hypochondriac thoughts
3. anxiety
4. self-depreciation
TYPES
1. Myotonic Duchenne Becker Limb-girdle Facioscapulohumeral Congenital Oculopharyngeal Distal Emery-Dreifuss
  1. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    1. symptoms
    2. DMD is caused by an absence of dystrophin, a protein that helps keep muscle cells intact
    3. Tests for DMD
      1. Creatin kinase test
      2. EMG
      3. Creatinine
      4. Dystrophin test
      5. MUSCLE BIOPSY
      6. function of the thyroid
    4. mode of inheritance
      1. X-LINKED RESESSIVE
    5. MICROSCOPIC
      1. connective tissue proliferation, scattered degenerating and regenerating myofibres.
    6. Complications
      1. Cardiomyopathy
      2. Congestive heart failure
      3. Heart arrhythmias
      4. Mental impairment
    7. GOWER'S SIGN

Nächster

muscular dystophy

Beschreibung

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Medienanhänge

ähnlicher Inhalt

	Erstellt von leen abuafifeh vor fast 9 Jahre