2 psychological explanations of schizophrenia (AO1)

Disturbed thinking
1. cognitive psychologists suggest that schizophrenia is caused by faulty thought processes
2. further suggest that these faulty thought processes are caused by abnormal brain functioning
3. in neurological pathway between the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex - linked to faulty regulation of dopamine in this area
Frith - differences in conscious and pre-conscious thought
1. Frith (1992)- suggests that schizophrenics have problems filtering information between conscious and pre-conscious processing
2. conscious processing is used when we have to think and pay close attention to what we are doing
3. pre-conscious processing is for tasks which are more trivial that we can do automatically without thinking
4. and we can usually do a number of tasks at once
How delusions and hallucinations develop
1. because the filter between the 2 types of processing is defective in schizophrenia, allows unimportant information to reach their conscious awareness
2. this information is misinterpreted as important and is how delusions are explained
3. hallucinations are explained by unimportant non-speech based sounds filtering into conscious awareness and are experienced by schizophrenics as voices
Dysfunctional families and double-bind theory
1. other psychological explanations suggest that schizophrenia may result from dysfunctional family relationships
2. Bateson et al - proposed the double-bind theory which suggests that as children schizophrenics received contradictory messages from parents
3. a mother may tell the child she loves them while her body language is rejecting
4. makes the child confused as they do not know how to respond and as a result they fail to develop a coherent structure of reality
5. this in the long run causes the schizophrenic systems
Expressed emotions
1. family relationships theory also suggest that the type of communication within the family may influence relapse rates in schizophrenia
2. it is proposed that high levels of expressed emotion within the family influences relapse
  1. a communication style that involves criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement
3. some research has found that a patient returning to a family with high EE are 4 times more likely to relapse

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2 psychological explanations of schizophrenia (AO1)

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