accounting and other control mechanisms combine as apackage and the associations these combinations havewith contextual circumstances. Specifically, this studydevelops a taxonomy of control configurations.

The configuration approach contends that a compre-hensive understanding of accounting and control structurediversity requires organizations to be investigated asmultidimensional arrangements of interrelated compo-nents

Configuration refers to a specific arrangement of multiple parts,components, elements, mechanisms, attributes, or the like.

The first is to providean understanding of the control logic underpinning eachconfiguration.29The second is to further validate the clus-ter solution.

Simple (C1) - The relatively unelaborated pattern that emerges inC1 suggests that the basis for control and coordina-tion is largely informal, achieved through centraliseddecision-making

Results (C2) and action (C3) controlFirms in C2 place a high emphasis on the diagnosticuse and tight application of accounting information andobjectively determined, performance-based compensation(>C1,C3,C4).

Devolved control (C4) - The central thread of these structures is a shift in thelocus of authority from managers to subordinates, wherecoordination primarily occurs through self-organizationand mutual adjustment, such that “control of the work restsin the hands of the doers”

Hybrid control (C5) - The final cluster represents the most elaboratedarrangement, characterised by an intensive and demand-ing application of accounting and a significant bureaucraticapparatus.

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Bedford, D. S., & Malmi, T. (2015). Configurations of control: An exploratory analysis. Management Accounting Research, 27, 2-26.