Clinical Pathoanatomy mcqs (351-450)

gangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease

severe inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic

gangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis

inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after necrosis

Chronic pericarditis

fibrinous myocarditis

fibrinous pericarditis

acute pericarditis

lymphocytes and plasma cells

basophiles

neutrophils

giant multinucleated cells

hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes

hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils

yellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain

clear cerebro-spinal fluid

the brain

the heart

the spleen

the liver

brain

liver

lung

kidney

granulomas

metastases

polyps

granulation tissue

caseous necrosis

liquefactive necrosis

coagulative necrosis

fibrinoid necrosis

giant cells type Langhans

epitheloid cells

tuton giant cells

lymphocytes

macrophages

epitheloid cells

lymphocytes

Monocytes

Tuton giant cells

foreign body giant cells

Langhans giant cells

none of the above

first

second

third

they develop in all stages

clay-like

caseus

liquefactive

coagulative

caseous

coagulative

liquefactive

gummous

has three stages of development

has cervical, abdominal and thoracic froms

grossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus

grossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs

tuberculosis

sarcoidosis

Rheumatism

syphilis

tuberculosis

sarcoidosis

rheumatism

syphilis

tuberculosis

felinosis

actinomycosis

leprosy

tuberculosis

rheumatoid arthritis

syphilis

rheumatism

unchanged

infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells

fibrosis

formation of lymph follicles

entire thyroid gland

markedly focal

unchanged

dilated

polymorphous

smaller

mature connective tissue

hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix/scar

greater amount of granulation tissue

none of the above

hypertrophic granulation tissue

mature connective tissue

hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix

none of the above

hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix

mature connective tissue

greater amount of granulation tissue

none of the above

Van Gieson

Perls

Congo Red

PAS

firbrinoid necrosis

epitheloid cells

Langhans cells

lymphocytes

it is an automimmune disease

it affects mostly the elastic arteries

there is accumulation of glucosaminoglycans in the vessel walls which can be demonstrated with metachromasia with toluidin Bleu

the branches of the pulmonary arteries are affected

hemolytic anemia

Hashimoto thyroiditis

allergic rhinitis

bronchial asthma

Hashimoto thyroiditis

hemolytic anemia

allergic rhinitis

nodasal polyarteriitis

polyartheriitis nodosa

Rheumatoid arthritis

hemolytic anemia

tuberculosis

tuberculosis

polyarteriitis nodosa

bronchial asthma

Hashimoto thyroiditis

by lymphatics (lymphogenic metastases)

with blood (hematogenic metastases)

by cerebrospinal fluid

none of the above

malignant tumor of the covering epithelium

benign tumor of glandular epithelium

benign tumor of cover type epithelium

benign soft tissue tumor

it has tree-like stroma covered by differentiated stratified squamous epithelium

it has tree-like stroma covered by undifferentiated squamous epithelium with signs of cell atypia

stroma and parenchyma are difficult to distinguinsh

it doesnt have a capsule

adenocarcinoma

Papilloma

Carcinoma

Sarcoma

adenocarcinoma

adenoma

Carcinoma

Carcino-adenoma

Papilloma

Adenoma

teratoma

adenocarcinoma

it develops only on the skin

it can develop at any place with squamous epithelium

it characterizes with early lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases

very often it reoccurs at the same place after surgery

develops only on the skin

can develop at any place with squamous epithelium

is highly undifferentiated malignant tumor

is a tumor composed of more differentiated cells with keratin production

accumulation of keratin produced by more differentiated malignant cells originating from squamous epithelium

pink- coloured homogenous substance located in the centre of the tumor nests

accumulation of mucus produced by highly undifferentiated malignant cells located in the centre of the tumor nests

pink homogenous substance that accumulates in the stroma of the tumor

squamous cell carcinoma

melanoma

basal cell carcinoma

adenocarcinoma

acute bronchitis

chronic bronchitis accompanied by metaplasia

bronchial asthma

inhalation of a foreign body

squamous epithelium

transitional epithelium

glandular epithelium

smooth musculature

malignant tumor limited to the epithelium above the basal membrane

malignant tumor destroying the basal membrane but spreading no more than 5mm below it

benign tumor limited to the basal membrane

benign tumor of a great size compressing the surrounding tissues

Congo red

Toluidin bleu, metachromasia is demonstrated

PAS reaction with amylase control

Van Gieson

ductal carcinoma of the breast

Paget's disease

renal cell carcinoma

fibroadenoma

metastases from colon adenocarcinoma in the ovaries

metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the ovaries

metastases from gastric carcinoma in the ovaries

metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in the ovaries

in the parotid gland

in the minor salivary glands

in the stomach

in thyroid gland

Capsulated and lobulated tumor

non-capsulated malignant tumor with invasive growth

microscopically it has two types- intracanalicular and pericanalicular

seen in older women

malignant tumor

has cyst-like and papillary structures

histological characteristics include serous and mucinous types

its is a physiological change related to menstrual cycle

gastric cancer

pancreatic cancer

breast cancer

Uterine Cancer

polypoid

Ulcerous

nodular

all of the listed above

gastric adenocarcinoma

adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

adenocarcinoma of the colon

breast cancer

Kaposi Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma

Rhabdomysarcoma

chondrosarcoma

liposarcoma

osteosarcoma

fibrosarcoma

leiomyosarcoma

Congo red

perls

PAS reaction with PAS control

Van Gieson

polymorphism of cells and nuclei

hyper- and polychromasia of nuclei

typical mytoses

monster cells

benign tumor of vascular origin

benign tumor originating from brown fat tissue

benign tumor originating from striated muscle

malignant tumor originating from pigment tissue

asymmetry of the lesion, irregular borders

dark color, irregular color of the lesion

diameter less than 5mm

regular borders

incision biopsy

Punch biopsy

excision biopsy

brush biopsy

ovaries, testis

extremities

retroperitoneum

mediastinum

nephroblastoma

cholesteatoma

dermoid cyst

branchiogenic cyst

epidermoid cyst

teratocarcinoma

dermoid cyst

nephroblastoma

tumor-like process

tumor process

microscopically it contains mature melanocytes

microscopically it contains cells with signs of severe atypia and some of them contain melanin

malignant congenital tumor

benign tumor composed of melanocytes

malignant tumor of pigment origin

none of the above

benign form of melanoma

melanoma without melanin in the tumor cells

type of melanoma which can be proved with immunohistochemical tests

melanoma which is more differentiated

skin

Uvea

meninges

all of the above

melanoma

squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

basal cell carcinoma of the skin

nevus pigmentosus

HMB-45

ca-125

S-100

cytokeratin

choriocarcinoma

seminoma

nephroblastoma

neuroblastoma

acquired and congenital

junctional, compound, intradermal

benign and malignant nevus

ectodermal and endodermal nevus

stomach

skin

bladder

larynx

unexplained change

paradoxical change

sufficient to identify the diagnosis/lesion

diffuse inflammatory change

hemothorax

hemoptysis

melena

hematemesis

cor pulmonale

systemic hypertension

mitral stenosis

aortic stenosis

undifferentiated carcinoma

well-differentiated carcinoma

scirrhous type carcinoma

histioid cancer

indirect bilirubin prevails in blood

elevated urine urobilinogen

elevated urine bilirubin

stools are hyperpigmented

the skin of the forearm

the skin of the lower limbs

the skin on the palms

skin of the face

xanthelasma

nevus

ephelides

hemosiderin deposition

vitiligo

hemosiderosis

albinism

ohronosis

it is parenchyma jaundice

there is posthepatic occlusion

direct bilirubin is increased

it is also called hemolytic jaundice

form of biological mutation

pendulum movement of the blood

zonal hair loss

self amputation of the phalanges

hypoplasia

histological accomodation

anaplasia

metaplasia

like a "bowl"

like a "cauliflower"

round non healing ulcers on the face

very dense knot int he face

the face

in sella turcica

on the phalanges of the toes

lips, tongue

reactive inflammation

morphological anaplasia

stromal reaction

sinus histiocytosis

tumor-like process

benign tumors

malignant tumors

hyperplastic process

by the lymph flow

perineural

by the blood flow

does not metastasize

ponto-cerebellar angle

falx cerebri

tentorium cerebelli

cerebellum

in obesity

vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium in kidney

liver steatosis

adenocarcinoma accumulating mucus in tumor cells

mouth mucosa

lining in the bronchi

lining of the vaginal part of the cervix

epithelium of gastric mucosa

mature teratoma, which occurs most frequently in the ovary

benign tumor of cells of the soft meninges

pigmental tumor

benign tumor associated with pregnancy

adenocarcinoma of the stomach

leutic ulcer

Rodent bites

basal cell carcinoma

naevus pigementosus

melanoma maligum

skin oedema

basal cell Carcinoma

brown induration of the lungs/hemosiderosis of lungs

heart tamponade

1st degree AV-block

all of the above

acute endocarditis

subacute endocarditis

age-related degeneration of the valve

Rheumatism

nutmeg liver

cyanosis hepatis

acute hepatitis

atrophy of the liver

hemorrhagic infarction of the lung

hemosiderosis pulmonis

pulmofibrosis

lung edema