16.ZZZZZ- EXAMEN

The cooling of upper air layers, it is more frequently in summer.

The warming of lower air in summer.

The cooling of lower air layers, it is more frequently in winter.

The warming of lower air in winter.

A short-wavelength radiation that reaches the Earth surface from the Sun.

A long-wavelength radiation emitted by the Earth, and also by the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.

A microwave radiation coming from the space.

A short-wavelength radiation reflected by the clouds.

Sensible heat is absorbed from the atmosphere.

Latent heat is released to the atmosphere, due to condensation.

Nothing happens.

Latent heat is absorbed, due to evaporation in the atmosphere.

Vertical motions in the atmosphere, outside regions of active precipitation.

A process with a transfer of mass and water to the atmosphere.

When the atmosphere reaches the radiation balance.

All are correct.

Depending only on the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR).

Depending only on the Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate (SALR).

Depending on the Environment Rate (ER) relative to DALR and SALR.

All are false.

T (ground) = 7 oC

T (ground) = 10 oC

T (ground) = 0 oC

T (ground) = 13 oC

Low CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy).

A thermal inversion and sufficient water vapour.

High CAPE, sufficient water vapour and a trigger action.

High CIN (Convective Inhibition Energy), a very low dew point temperature and a trigger
action to start the lifting process.

A strong downdraft associated with severe thunderstorms, causing extreme windshear.

The anvil of an ordinary thunderstorm.

An extreme precipitation event, always followed by a tornado.

A lightning and icing event, associated with thunderstorms.

A thermal low is a thermal depression formed over warm surfaces, normally occurs over the continents in summer.

A cut-off low is a cold pool of air at high levels, separated from the main stream air that causes a potential area of instability and thunderstorm development.

A ridge is related to high pressures, and a trough is related to low pressures.

A depression is a pressure system where the air mass descend, and it always cover a larger area
than a typical anticyclone.

The cabañuelas system, it has a very accurate skill.

Only one numerical weather prediction model, called HIRLAM.

Different weather prediction models for the weather forecast and different climate models for the
long-term predictions.

A simple model with the same grid resolution and physical parametrizations.

The density at surface levels is higher over Polar Regions than Equatorial ones.

The density at high levels is lower over Polar Regions than Equatorial ones.

Given any level of altitude, the density will be higher over the Polar Regions than
Equatorial ones.

Given two air masses at the same temperature and different moisture, the air
mass with a higher moisture content will have a lower density.

6800 ft.

5020 ft.

4200 ft.

5980 ft.

At synoptic scale there is only a balance between the Gradient Pressure Force and the Coriolis Force.

At synoptic scale there is a balance between Gradient Pressure Force and the Centrifugal Force.

At synoptic scale there is a balance between the Gradient Pressure Force and the Coriolis Force. Furthermore the vertical air movement is impeded.

At synoptic scale there is a balance between the Gradient Pressure Force and the Coriolis Force. Furthermore the vertical air movement is allowed.

The Gradient Pressure and Coriolis forces are balanced.

Wind is parallel to the isobars.

Low pressures are on the left side of the air movement.

Considering two places with different latitude but affected by the same Pressure
Gradient Force, the geostrophic wind will be stronger at the higher latitude place.

The Pressure Gradient force goes towards the centre of the Low pressure system and is opposite to the Centrifugal and Coriolis forces.

The Pressure Gradient and Coriolis forces go towards the centre of the Low pressure system and are opposite to the Centrifugal force.

All forces go towards the centre of the Low pressure system.

The Pressure Gradient force goes towards the outside of centre of the Low
pressure system and is opposite to the Centrifugal and Coriolis forces.

Up slope winds occurring during the daylight hours.

Down slope winds occurring during the nocturnal hours.

Strong winds occurring at the lee side of a mountain under mountain wave
conditions.

A synoptic wind very intense.

Warm parcels can maintain in the subsaturated state a higher water vapour concentration than cold parcels.

Cold parcels can maintain in the subsaturated state a higher water vapour concentration than warm parcels.

Under a same cooling warm parcels will condensate a higher water vapour concentration than cold parcels.

If the parcel is initially subsaturated, the larger cooling, the larger condensation.

Meteorological visibility 6 kilometres, cloud base 500 feet, wind speed 5 knots.

Meteorological visibility 2,5 kilometres, cloud base 500 feet, wind speed 5
knots.

Meteorological visibility 800 metres, wind from 230°, cloud base 500 feet.

Meteorological visibility 800 metres, vertical visibility 200 feet, calm.

500 m.

2000 m.

Between 500 m and 2000 m.

Between 0 m and 1000 m.

Stratocumulus

Altostratus

Cirrostratus

Cumulonimbus

Ice crystals grow faster than water droplets.

In a humid environment in equilibrium for water droplets, ice crystals feel in c
an over-saturated environment.

In the ice_crystal-water_vapor equilibrium the rate of evaporation is lower
than in the droplet-water_vapor equilibrium.

All of the above are true.

In the CF there are convective clouds (Cb, TCu), while in the WF there are more stratiform clouds (Cs, As, Ns).

In the WF there are convective clouds (Cb, TCu), while in the CF there are more stratiform clouds (Cs, As, Ns).

The CF moves slower than the WF.

After a WF the air temperature drops sharply

Rime ice is a type of icing that forms when big supercooled water droplets impact with the aircraft.

Clear ice is the type of icing that an aircraft would more likely encounter in a lenticular altocumulus.

The rime ice is easier to remove from the surface of an aircraft that clear ice.

None of the above is true

Rime ice can occur in cumuliform clouds below -20 oC

Rime ice occurs only in Cu, Cb and Ns

Clear ice is described as moderate or severe

Clear ice occurs with large supercooled water droplets

In general, turbulence is more intense over the sea and with light winds.

In general, turbulence is more intense over broken terrain and with strong
winds.

In general, turbulent effects caused by the terrain are felt up to the first 100
meters.

None of the above is true.

A wind blowing +/- 30o at right angles to the ridge.

Wind increase with height with little change in direction.

Wind speed less than 10 kt at the crest.

A marked stable layer (+/- isothermal or inversion) between crest level and a
few thousand feet above, with less stable air above and below.

The images in the infrared channel give good idea of the temperature of the ground surface and the top of the clouds.

The images in the visible channel give a good idea of what the human eye would see.

As more thickness and vertical dimension has a cloud as best is seen in the visible channel and is cold the cloud top.

The images in the infrared channel are only available during the day, while visible are available day and night.