Weakness is in UMN or LMN?

Hyperreflexia is UMN or LMN?

Hypotonia is UMN or LMN?

Areflexia is UMN or LMN?

Spinal nerve -related sensory loss is in a ____ patterm.

When someone has both UMN and LMN lesion, which one overrides?

What is a common symptom in ALS/ MG/ MD?

How do you differentiate carpel tunnel syndrome from ALS?

What is the UMN in body motor pathway?

What is the UMN in face/head motor pathway?

What are the LMN nuclei in body motor pathway?

What are the LMN nuclei in face/head motor pathway?

Which cranial nerves do not belong to corticobulbar tract?

Where are the LMN axons for body motor pathway?

Where are the LMN axons for face/head motor pathway?

Where do the LMN terminate for all motor pathways?

T/F: proximal muscle weakness is a common sign of a myopathy such as DMD.

One of the confusing things about the diagnosis of ALS is

Name an acquired infectious motor neuron disease.

Name an acquired autoimmune motor neuron disease.

Name two acquired idiopathic motor neuron disease

T/F: ALS is the most common adult motor neuron disease.

T/F: ALS affects male more than female.

2/3 ALS has _______ onset while 1/3 ALS has _______ onset.

Mean age of onset for ALS is

Which structures are affected in ALS?

Which part of motor neuron is damaged?

T/F: only LMN signs are present in ALS

________ degeneration occurs at the motor axon.

Which nuclei are spared in ALS?

If someone comes in with motor dysfunction together with bowel/bladder issue, what Dx can you rule out?

What are the most common initial symptoms of ALS?

What are some possible progression of ALS before they become dependent for mobility and ADLs?

How many years on average do patient typically have from onset of symptoms to death?

List all the functions that are spared in ALS.

The progression of motor dysfunction with spinal onset ALS is

T/F: ALS with spinal onset always have symmetrical presentation.

What are the two most common symptoms for bulbar onset ALS?

T/F: limb symptoms come at a later stage with bulbar onset ALS.

How is ALS typically diagnosed?

What are the pathologies that need to be ruled out before giving an ALS Dx?

What are some confirmative (NOT GOLD STANDARD) tests for ALS?

Which results are likely in NCV tests for ALS patients?

Why might ALS patients have normal motor NCV early on in the stage?

What are some EMG findings in ALS patients?

If a patient has carpel tunnel syndrome instead of ALS, what are the likely NCV results?

What is the ONLY approved medication for ALS patients?

What are the symptoms that should and can be managed as the patient progresses along the ALS stages?

What is the major cause of death in ALS patients?

Life expectancy after diagnosis?

What is a positive prognosis indicator?

What is a negative prognosis indicator?

What are some intervention options for ALS patients?

What is the most common NMJ disorder?

What is the most likely age of onset for MG in women and men?

What is the antibody that causes the autoimmune response for patients with MG?

90% have AChR antibodies in ______ while 50% have AChR antibodies in ______.

___% patients have associated autoimmune disease while ____% have comorbid thyroid disease.

What are the most common thyroid diseases in MG patients?

Why are patients with MG weak?
How does it present clinically?

T/F: the onset of MG is sudden.

What are some potential exacerbation factors of MG?

Typical overall presentation after exacerbation of MG?

When do patients usually reach maximum severity after exacerbation of MG?

T/F: MG is always deteriorating instead of exacerbation and remission.

List some common clinical findings for MG patients.

Pattern of weakness in MG patients
1. proximal vs distal
2. arms vs legs
3. flexors vs extensors

The most typical MG progresses from _______ to _______.

What are some definitive tests for MG?

Which test is more sensitive to MG? Tensilon or slow repetitive nerve stimulation?

T/F: both tensilon and slow repetitive nerve stimulation are highly specific to MG.

What is the main concern of tensilon test?

The most effective medical management for MG in early stages is __________.

What do cholinesterase inhibitors do?

What are the side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors?

What are the short-term stabilizers for myasthenic crisis?

What are the pros of plasmapheresis and IVIG?

Which treatment are done if plasmapheresis and IVIG are not effective?

Three immunosuppressive treatment for MG:

Which treatment takes weeks to see improvement and which one takes months?

Risk/ side effects of corticosteroidal and nonsteroidal treatments.

___% of patients with focal disease eventually develop generalized MG.

When does MG progress to maximal severity?

What is a negative prognostic factor for MG?

T/F: patients with MG has decreased lifespan.

What are the clinical patterns of MG patients?

How do you modify your treatment with patients with MG?

Which muscles are weaker in patients with muscular dystrophy ?

Is muscle tone high or low in patients with muscular dystrophy?

What is a sign that occurs in patient's calves which may give you a false impression that they are strong?

Is sensation affected in muscular dystrophy?

Is the sphincter function affected in muscular dystrophy?

What are the two categories of muscular dystrophy?

What are some common hereditary mypathies?

What are some acquired myopathies?

What is the most common and severe form of childhood muscular dystrophy?

T/F: DMD is X-linked.

T/F: All DMD are hereditory.

What is going on at the muscular level of DMD?

T/F: DMD is symptomatic in newborn.

When do the kids with DMD start to have delayed motor milestones?

What are some signs that will likely surface during years 3-7?

When do kids with DMD typically stop walking?

Current life expectancy for DMD patients?

Reason for death in DMD patients

what are the patterns of weakness in muscles?

What are some clinical signs/ symptoms of DMD? (CCC DOGS)

What are some possible types of diagnostic tests for DMD?

Which markers are abnormal in DMD patient's serum?

What are some pathological changes observed in muscle biopsy?

Which gene is abnormal in DMD patients?

What is the goal for medical management for DMD patients?

Which medication can prolong walking for up to 3 years in DMD patients?

describe the expected level of function at the following ages for DMD patients:
1. 1-10
2. 10 - 13
3. 13 - 17
4. 17 - 20
5. 20 - early 20s
6. 20s - 30s

What should we encourage/ discourage during clinical treatment for patients with DMD?