CHAPTER 14 NEW

1

The study, assessment, and treatment of people with psychological difficulties is known as

1

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between
patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

1

Myers suggests that clinicians may continue to have confidence in uninformative or ambiguous tests
because of human susceptibility to

1

Following the suicide of a friend or family member, feelings of guilt are often magnified by

1

When psychologists were surveyed regarding intuition versus the scientific method, _______ were
more likely to value intuition.

1

Rosenhan and his colleagues (1973) faked schizophrenic symptoms to infiltrate mental hospitals. Once
they had been admitted and no longer complained of any fake symptoms,

1

In Rosenhan's study (1973), clinicians who dealt with pseudo-patients who had faked symptoms to get
into mental hospitals demonstrated the error of

1

Luisa, a Freudian analyst, found that, without exception, her patients reported having dreams closely
related to their emotional problems. What may best explain why the dreams and problems of Luisa's
patients are so consistent with Freudian theory?

1

Snyder and Swann (1984) gave interviewers some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and
found that people often tested for a trait by

1

April is going out on a first date with Nikos, whom her best friend says is funny and fun-loving. On
the date, April asks Nikos, "What is the most fun-loving thing you've ever done?" What is the likely effect
of such questioning on Nikos?

1

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions
that show evidence of

1

When Rosenham and his research associates (1973) reported to mental hospital admissions offices
that they were "hearing voices," most were

1

Freudian therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such
experiences among

1

When researchers pit statistical prediction—such as predicting graduate school success using a
formula that includes grades and aptitude scores—against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

1

Myers suggests that we avoid the confirmation bias by

1

Myers points out that hindsight can

1

Research suggests that the prediction of someone's future academic success is best when the
prediction is based on

1

According to the text, professional clinicians are NOT LIKELY to

1

According to the text, an important implication of the research on illusory thinking is that

1

Myers suggests that the pervasiveness of illusory thinking points to the need for a _______ study of
thought and behavior.

1

Alloy and Abramson (1979) had depressed and nondepressed students observe whether pressing a
button was linked with a light blinking and found that depressed students

1

The work of Alloy and Abramson (1979) examined how depressed individuals view the extent of their
personal control over events. Their results provided evidence of the phenomenon known as

1

The tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgments is
referred to as

1

Yvonne, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive
and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for
both. Yvonne clearly illustrates the _______ effect.

1

Vanessa is a mildly depressed college student. Considering the research findings presented in the text
on depression, she probably

1

Compared to depressed people, non-depressed people

1

"Explanatory style" refers to

1

Explaining life events in terms of factors that are stable, global, and internal is a _______ explanatory
style.

1

Who is more likely to exhibit a negative explanatory style?

1

Maxwell, a college junior, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed
poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

1

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates the global quality of a
depressed person's explanatory style?

1

Which of the following best illustrates an internal attribution for a failure or setback?

1

Which of the following does NOT belong?

1

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or setback illustrates the stable quality of a
depressed person's explanatory style?

1

Compared to nondepressed people, depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and
setbacks to causes that are

1

Strack and Coyne (1983) found that depressed people were realistic in thinking that other people

1

College students who have depressed roommates tend to become

1

Your roommate Joel is depressed. As a result, you will tend to become

1

Giesler and her colleagues (1996) found that when given a choice whether to read a favorable or
unfavorable assessment of their personality, depressed and high-self-esteem people made which choice?

1

The vicious cycle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

1

According to Lewinsohn and her colleagues (1985), which of the following does NOT belong in the
vicious cycle of depression?

1

Which of the following explains the relationship between depression and negative thinking?

1

According to Seligman (2002), near-epidemic levels of depression in America today, ironically, can
be blamed in part on the promotion of attitudes that say,

1

According to Seligman's (2002) analysis of the attitudes that promote near-epidemic levels of
depression in America, most of us feel that, if we do not "make it" in today's world, we can blame

1

In comparison to those in Western cultures, depressed people in Japan are more likely to report
feeling

1

Loneliness is best described as a state created by the awareness that you

1

Larsen and her colleagues (1982) found that when beeped by an electronic pager at various times
during a one week period and asked to record what they were doing and how they felt, _______ were
most likely to report feeling lonely when alone.

1

Chronically lonely people seem to have the same _______ as chronically depressed people.

1

Chronically lonely people tend to blame _______ for their poor social relationships.

1

Which of the following statements about lonely people is FALSE?

1

According to the self-presentation theory, we will feel social anxiety when we are

1

Which of the following theories most clearly predicts that we will feel anxious when we are motivated
to impress others but doubt our ability to do so?

1

According to the text, shyness is a form of _______ characterized by self-consciousness and worrying
about what others think.

1

Shy people tend to

1

According to the text, labeling oneself as shy, depressed, or under the influence of alcohol can serve
a(n) _______ function.

1

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women who were bombarded with loud noise and told that
it would leave them _ were subsequently _ when interacting with a handsome male.

1

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981) found that shy women were no longer shy when they

1

Which of the following is an interdisciplinary field that integrates and applies behavioral and medical
knowledge about health and disease?

1

Psychology's contribution to the interdisciplinary field of behavioral medicine is

1

Dr. Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the causes and control of stress. Dr. Jones is most likely
a(n) _________ psychologist.

1

According to the text as well as research evidence, premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

1

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

1

People are more likely to use sunscreen or get an HIV test when the message is

1

Experiments that subject animals to mild but uncontrollable electric shocks have shown that such
experiences

1

A growing body of evidence reveals that people who undergo highly stressful experiences become

1

Research has reported that newlywed couples who become angry while discussing problems

1

A large Swedish study has found that, compared with unstressed workers, those with a history of
workplace stress

1

Maggie wants advice on how to cope with the stress of a new job. She would be best advised to
approach her new job with a sense of

1

Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory
style?

1

Peterson and Seligman (1987) analyzed the press quotes of baseball Hall of Famers and found that
those who routinely offered pessimistic explanations for bad events, like losing big games, were more
likely to

1

Which of the following is an example of an optimistic explanatory style?

1

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown
that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

1

According to the text, which of the following is a social-psychological principle that can be applied to
the treatment of psychological difficulties?

1

Which of the following is NOT a therapy that utilizes the "attitudes-follow-behavior" principle?

1

Both assertiveness training and rational-emotive therapy are cited in the text as examples of
psychotherapeutic techniques that

1

Mendonca and Brehm (1983) found that overweight children were more likely to lose weight and
keep it off after an eight-week program if they

1

Which statement is TRUE?

1

Having shy or anxious people observe, then rehearse, then try out more assertive behaviors in real
situations is called

1

A study by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) enticed shy college men to participate in laboratory
exercises that would enhance their socially competence. The men

1

Research by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) supported the notion that social skills training can
lead shy men to

1

Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986) concluded that the success of their social skills training with shy
men may have occurred because their program

1

Maria's therapist instructed her to monitor her attributions for successes and failures. Maria is
probably participating in

1

Improvements achieved through changing thought or behavior patterns are most likely to endure if
people

1

As a result of participating in a program to help her quit smoking, Anne has not had a cigarette for
three weeks. She is least likely to return to smoking if she attributes her success in quitting the habit to

1

John was recently attacked and mugged on a subway. He is less likely to experience long term stress
from the trauma if he

1

According to research conducted by Cacioppo and her colleagues (2002), the relationship between
loneliness and health risks is

1

A common conclusion reached by several studies involving thousands of people is that

1

The negative correlation between poverty and health is likely caused by all of the following factors
EXCEPT

1

Women who had been sexually abused reported more health problems especially if they had

1

Which of the following is the best predictor of overall happiness?

1

According to the text, marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

Quiz am CHAPTER 14 NEW, erstellt von J P am 31/01/2018.

CHAPTER 14 NEW

CHAPTER 14 NEW

The study, assessment, and treatment of people with psychological difficulties is known as

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Myers suggests that clinicians may continue to have confidence in uninformative or ambiguous tests because of human susceptibility to

Following the suicide of a friend or family member, feelings of guilt are often magnified by

When psychologists were surveyed regarding intuition versus the scientific method, _______ were more likely to value intuition.

Rosenhan and his colleagues (1973) faked schizophrenic symptoms to infiltrate mental hospitals. Once they had been admitted and no longer complained of any fake symptoms,

In Rosenhan's study (1973), clinicians who dealt with pseudo-patients who had faked symptoms to get into mental hospitals demonstrated the error of

Luisa, a Freudian analyst, found that, without exception, her patients reported having dreams closely related to their emotional problems. What may best explain why the dreams and problems of Luisa's patients are so consistent with Freudian theory?

Snyder and Swann (1984) gave interviewers some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often tested for a trait by

April is going out on a first date with Nikos, whom her best friend says is funny and fun-loving. On the date, April asks Nikos, "What is the most fun-loving thing you've ever done?" What is the likely effect of such questioning on Nikos?

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

When Rosenham and his research associates (1973) reported to mental hospital admissions offices that they were "hearing voices," most were

Freudian therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such experiences among

When researchers pit statistical prediction—such as predicting graduate school success using a formula that includes grades and aptitude scores—against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Myers suggests that we avoid the confirmation bias by

Myers points out that hindsight can

Research suggests that the prediction of someone's future academic success is best when the prediction is based on

According to the text, professional clinicians are NOT LIKELY to

According to the text, an important implication of the research on illusory thinking is that

Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between
patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Myers suggests that clinicians may continue to have confidence in uninformative or ambiguous tests
because of human susceptibility to

When psychologists were surveyed regarding intuition versus the scientific method, _______ were
more likely to value intuition.

Rosenhan and his colleagues (1973) faked schizophrenic symptoms to infiltrate mental hospitals. Once
they had been admitted and no longer complained of any fake symptoms,

In Rosenhan's study (1973), clinicians who dealt with pseudo-patients who had faked symptoms to get
into mental hospitals demonstrated the error of

Luisa, a Freudian analyst, found that, without exception, her patients reported having dreams closely
related to their emotional problems. What may best explain why the dreams and problems of Luisa's
patients are so consistent with Freudian theory?

Snyder and Swann (1984) gave interviewers some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and
found that people often tested for a trait by

April is going out on a first date with Nikos, whom her best friend says is funny and fun-loving. On
the date, April asks Nikos, "What is the most fun-loving thing you've ever done?" What is the likely effect
of such questioning on Nikos?

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions
that show evidence of

When Rosenham and his research associates (1973) reported to mental hospital admissions offices
that they were "hearing voices," most were

Freudian therapists who expect to find evidence of early childhood traumas are likely to uncover such
experiences among

When researchers pit statistical prediction—such as predicting graduate school success using a
formula that includes grades and aptitude scores—against interviewers' intuitive prediction,

Research suggests that the prediction of someone's future academic success is best when the
prediction is based on

Myers suggests that the pervasiveness of illusory thinking points to the need for a _______ study of
thought and behavior.

Alloy and Abramson (1979) had depressed and nondepressed students observe whether pressing a
button was linked with a light blinking and found that depressed students

The work of Alloy and Abramson (1979) examined how depressed individuals view the extent of their
personal control over events. Their results provided evidence of the phenomenon known as

The tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgments is
referred to as

Yvonne, a college senior, is mildly depressed. Asked to describe herself, she notes both her positive
and negative qualities. She recalls both past successes and failures and takes personal responsibility for
both. Yvonne clearly illustrates the _______ effect.

Vanessa is a mildly depressed college student. Considering the research findings presented in the text
on depression, she probably

Explaining life events in terms of factors that are stable, global, and internal is a _______ explanatory
style.

Maxwell, a college junior, suffers from chronic depression. After learning that he has performed
poorly on his chemistry test, he is most likely to say,

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates the global quality of a
depressed person's explanatory style?

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or setback illustrates the stable quality of a
depressed person's explanatory style?

Compared to nondepressed people, depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and
setbacks to causes that are