Compendium 7 - How do we get rid of toxic wastes?

Frage 1 von 50

1

Select Four organs of the urinary system

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

Bladder
Kidneys
Ureter
Urethra
Vagina
Esophagus

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Frage 2 von 50

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Select the Three main functions of the kidneys

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

Filtration - occurs in the renal corpuscle
Tubular reabsorption - occurs in the PCT and DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the DCT
Removal of toxic waste

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Frage 3 von 50

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Describe the location of the Kidneys

Wähle eine der folgenden:

posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity
anterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity

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Frage 4 von 50

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The left kidney is located slightly more superior than the right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 5 von 50

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The right kidney is located slightly more superior than the left kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 6 von 50

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Identify the external structural layers of the Kidney:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

• renal capsule - immediate lining covering the renal tissue
• adipose tissue - fat layer outside the renal capsule
• renal fascia - outer layer, anchors kidney and attaches it to surrounding tissue
• renal capsule - outer layer, anchors kidney and attaches it to surrounding tissue
• adipose tissue - fat layer outside the renal capsule
• renal fascia - immediate lining covering the renal tissue

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Frage 7 von 50

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The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which forms urine. The Four parts of the nephron are:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Renal corpuscle
• Renal bowmans capsule

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Frage 8 von 50

1

Describe the three processes necessary for urine formation.

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

Filtration - occurs in the renal corpuscle
Tubular reabsorption - occurs in the PCT and DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the PCT and DCT

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Frage 9 von 50

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Describe the components that make up the urinary process

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, which consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
Blood enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and solutes in the blood are pushed through the
glomerular capillary wall and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the tubule. This
solution is called filtrate and a small amount of it will eventually become urine.
Filtration occurs in the renal capsule, which consists of the glomerulus and renal corpuscle.
Blood enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and solutes in the blood are pushed through the
glomerular capillary wall and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the tubule. This
solution is called filtrate and a small amount of it will eventually become urine.

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Frage 10 von 50

1

Wähle von der Dropdown-Liste, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Reabsorption from the filtrate is a two-step process. Referring to Figure 9.2, the two steps are:
( (1), (2) ) Movement of the filtrate into the cells lining the nephron through the apical surface of the cell or
the apical membrane.
( (2), (1) ) Then from these cells into the blood through the basal surface of the cell or basal membrane.

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Frage 11 von 50

1

Which one of the following structures is known as the ‘functional unit of the kidney’?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

a. the renal corpuscle
b. the glomerulus
c. the nephron
d. the renal pyramids

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Frage 12 von 50

1

Which one of the following structures is considered to be a part of the nephron?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

a. the glomerulus
b. ureter
c. collecting duct
d. renal pelvis

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Frage 13 von 50

1

Which one of the following substances would you expect to find in the filtrate of a healthy
individual?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

a. red blood cells
b. sodium ions
c. large proteins
d. white blood cells

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Frage 14 von 50

1

Which one of the following substances would be normally re-absorbed into the kidney
tubules?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

glucose
ammonia
large proteins
red blood cells

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Frage 15 von 50

1

Which hormone promotes water retention in the body?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

aquaporin hormone
thyrotropin hormone
oxytocin hormone
anti-diuretic hormone

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Frage 16 von 50

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What is the name of the muscle found in the wall of the bladder?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

cardiac
skeletal
fast twitch
detrusor

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Frage 17 von 50

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What is the name of the reflex that controls urination?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

sympathetic
micturition
baroreceptor
parasympathetic

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Frage 18 von 50

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Nephron Diagram:
1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌

The two parts of the renal corpuscle
are:
1. ❌
2. ❌

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Loop of Henle

Collecting duct

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Cortex of kidney

Medulla of kidney

Glomerulus (1st)

Glomerular capsule (2nd)

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Frage 19 von 50

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What type of nephron is nephron A?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Juxtamedullary
Cortical

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Frage 20 von 50

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What type of nephron is nephron B?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Cortical
Juxtamedullary

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Frage 21 von 50

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Juxtamedullary: There are two types of nephrons: Superficial cortical nephrons, which have their glomeruli in the outer cortex. They have shorter loops of Henle, which dip only into the outer medulla. Juxtamedullary nephrons, which have their glomeruli near the corticomedullary border.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
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Frage 22 von 50

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Creatinine: A chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 23 von 50

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The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which forms urine. The parts of the nephron are:
• Renal corpuscle
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 24 von 50

1

Wähle von der Dropdown-Liste, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, which consists of the ( glomerulus, loop of henle ) and ( Bowman’s capsule, distal convoluted tubules ).

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Frage 25 von 50

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Filtration:
Filtration occurs in the ❌, which consists of the ❌ and ❌. ❌ enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and ❌ in the blood are pushed through the glomerular ❌ and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the ❌. This solution is called ❌ and a small amount of it will eventually become ❌.

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

renal corpuscle

Bowman’s capsule

Blood

urine

solutes

capillary wall

tubule

filtrate

glomerulus (1st)

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Frage 26 von 50

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Tubular re-absorption:
Re-absorption is the return of water and solutes to the blood following filtration. The filtrate flows
through the proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules and then to the
collecting ducts. As the filtrate moves through the nephron, much of it is reabsorbed from the
nephron to the blood stream via processes such as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport, symport and osmosis.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 27 von 50

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Tubular secretion:
Tubular secretion is when substances are secreted into the filtrate from the blood. Tubular secretion can be active or passive. A good example of tubular secretion is H+ ions, and this plays an important role in the regulation of the pH of the blood.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
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Frage 28 von 50

1

Tubular secretion:
Tubular secretion is when substances are ❌ into the filtrate from the ❌. Tubular
❌ can be ❌ or passive. A good example of tubular secretion is H+ ions, and this plays
an important role in the regulation of the ❌ of the blood.

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secreted

blood

secretion

active

pH

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Frage 29 von 50

1

Sodium-potassium exchange pump is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Active
Passive

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Frage 30 von 50

1

Which molecule is moving with Na+ during co-transport (piggy backing)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Glucose
Fructose

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Frage 31 von 50

1

Anti Port - Which molecule is moving with Na+?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Ca2+
K+

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Frage 32 von 50

1

Anti-port: Is Na+ and Ca2+ moving in the same direction or in opposite directions?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Opposite
Same direction

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Frage 33 von 50

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Facilitated diffusion is the mechanism by which glucose moves out of the nephron cell in to the blood

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 34 von 50

1

Describe the structure and function of the special carrier molecule

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Protein imbedded in cell membrane with a central channel. It helps move molecules across
the cell membrane.
Lipid imbedded in cell membrane with a central channel. It helps move molecules across
the cell membrane.

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Frage 35 von 50

1

Name two molecules that move across the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

Fructose
Amino acids
Glucose

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Frage 36 von 50

1

Is facilitated diffusion moving the molecule up or down its concentration gradient?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Down its concentration gradient. From high to low concentration.
Up its concentration gradient. From low to high concentration.

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Frage 37 von 50

1

Is facilitated diffusion an active or passive process?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Diffusion is passive – it does not require energy (ATP).
Diffusion is active – it does require energy (ATP).

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Frage 38 von 50

1

Is glucose moving from the filtrate to the blood, or from the blood to the filtrate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Glucose is moving from the filtrate to the blood. It is being reabsorbed into the body where it
will be used by cells to make ATP
Glucose is moving from the blood to the filtrate. It is being reabsorbed into the body where it
will be used by cells to make ATP

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Frage 39 von 50

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The glomerular capsule is also known as the Bowman’s capsule

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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FALSCH

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Frage 40 von 50

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The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus (a bed of capillaries) and the glomerular capsule.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 41 von 50

1

Renal corpuscle
The renal corpuscle consists of the ❌ (a bed of capillaries) and the glomerular ❌.
The glomerular capsule is also known as the ❌. Blood enters the ❌
(the first part of the nephron) via the ❌ arteriole. When the blood passes through the bed of
capillaries in the renal corpuscle, fluid leaves the ❌ and becomes ❌. This is the first
stage of ❌ formation. This filtrate then enters into the glomerular capsule and flows directly into
the ❌, where tubular ❌ begins. Blood that comes in via the
afferent arteriole leaves via the efferent arteriole to return to the body’s ❌ ❌

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glomerulus

capsule

Bowman’s capsule

renal corpuscle

afferent

filtrate

capillary

urine

proximal convoluted tubule

reabsorption

supply

blood

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Frage 42 von 50

1

❌ - Holes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

❌ - Found in between the endothelial cells and the podocytes

❌ - Spaces between the podocyte cell processes

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Fenestrae of capillaries

Basement membrane

Filtration slits

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Frage 43 von 50

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Fenestrae of capillaries - Window-like holes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 44 von 50

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• The nephron higher in the cortex is called a ❌.
• The nephron that is lower in the cortex with a long Loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla is a ❌.

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cortical nephron

juxtamedullary nephron (juxta = near)

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Frage 45 von 50

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❌ : Main area for reabsorption of water (80%) 100% reabsorption of amino acids and sugars

❌ : Controlled secretion of wastes, toxin, excess ions. Alters concentration of urine by varying water reabsorption

❌ : Reabsorbs ions and water.

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Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

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Frage 46 von 50

1

The distal convoluted tubule is the last segment of the nephron. What is the name of the segment following the distal convoluted tubule?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Collecting duct
Advancing duct

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Frage 47 von 50

1

The bladder is a hollow structure that stores urine. What volume of urine do you think the bladder usually holds?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

up to 1 L
up to 1.5 L

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Frage 48 von 50

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Carrier molecules are usually proteins bound to a non-protein group

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
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Frage 49 von 50

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In the cell, examples of molecules that must use facilitated diffusion to move in and out of the cell membrane are glucose, sodium ions, and potassium ions. They pass using carrier proteins through the cell membrane without energy along the concentration gradient.

	Erstellt von Jessica Bulley vor mehr als 8 Jahre