Opthamology Test 2- 4th Year- PMU

Arrange the different types of beams in the cells according to their wavelength:
1. y (gamma) rays X-ray UV light Visible light Infrared Rays Radio waves Alternative Current( y (gamma) rays, X-ray, UV light, Visible light, Infrared Rays, Radio waves, Alternative Current )
2. X-rays UV light Visible light Infrared rays Radio waves Alternating current Gamma Rays( X-rays, UV light, Visible light, Infrared rays, Radio waves, Alternating current, Gamma Rays )
3. UV light Gamma rays X-rays Visible light Infrared rays Radio waves Alternating Current( UV light, Gamma rays, X-rays, Visible light, Infrared rays, Radio waves, Alternating Current )
4. Visible light Gamma rays X-rays UV light Infrared rays Radio waves Alternating current( Visible light, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV light, Infrared rays, Radio waves, Alternating current )
5. Infrared rays Gamma rays X-rays UV light Visisble light Radio waves Alternating current( Infrared rays, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV light, Visisble light, Radio waves, Alternating current )
6. Radio waves Alternating current Gamma rays X-rays UV light Visible light Infrared rays( Radio waves, Alternating current, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV light, Visible light, Infrared rays )
7. Alternative current Gamma rays X-rays UV light Visible light Infrared rays Radio waves( Alternative current, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV light, Visible light, Infrared rays, Radio waves )

S. F. is medical student and she prepares herself regularly for the ophthalmology practicles. A friend of hers has called her and told her that he has suffered head trauma a day ago. Few hours later he has started having complaints of ”double vision" when looking downwards. Looking in the other directions - he hasn’t had complaints. She has made the right diagnosis immediately
because she is aware of anatomy and physiology of the eye. If you are aware of them, make the right diagnosis and explain why have you chosen this diagnosis and why the other 5 diagnosis are not possible.
(For the answers which contain name of extraocular muscles - circle the number of the cranial nerve which is responsible for the innervation of the certain muscle)
1) dysfunction of m. rectus lat. due to paresis/palsy of VI III IV V VII( VI, III, IV, V, VII ) CN -> No Yes( No, Yes ) because it innervates the Lateral Rectus
2) partial atrophy of superior 1/2 of the optic nerve -> No Yes( No, Yes ) because you'd expect blindness
3) partial atrophy of inferior 1/2 of the optic nerve -> No Yes( No, Yes ), because you'd expect some blindness
4) dysfunction of m. rectus inf. due to paresis/palsy of III IV V VI VII( III, IV, V, VI, VII ) CN -> No Yes( No, Yes ) because it innervates the inferior rectus
5) dysfunction of m. obliquus sup. due to paresis/palsy of IV III V VI VII( IV, III, V, VI, VII ) CN -> Yes No( Yes, No ) because it only innervates this muscle
6) dysfunction of‘rm. obliquus inf due to paresis/palsy III IV V VI VII( III, IV, V, VI, VII ) CN -> No Yes( No, Yes ) because you'd expect other muscles the III CN to be affected as well

The cornea is part of the outer middle inner( outer, middle, inner ) coat of the eye. The normal cornea is transparent:
1) in its superior 2/3
2) in its inferior 2/3
3) in its central 1/3
4) in its entire surface
Ans: 4 3 2 1( 4, 3, 2, 1 )
Cornea and lens have characteristics of a convex lens.
In a emetropic eye, the refractive power of the cornea is:
1) more than the lens' one
2) less than the lens' one
3) the same as the lens’ one
4) depending on the act of accommodation
Ans: 1 2 3 4( 1, 2, 3, 4 )

The lens is part of the anterior posterior( anterior, posterior ) segment of the eye.
The lens consist mostly of:
1) Proteins
2) Carbohydrates
3) Lipids
4) Vitamins
Ans: 1 2 3 4( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
The lens:
1) has both innervation and blood supply
2) has blood supply but doesn’t have innervation
3) has innervation but doesn’t have blood supply
4) has neither innervation nor blood supply
Ans: 4 3 2 1( 4, 3, 2, 1 )

The retina is part of the inner outer middle( inner, outer, middle ) coat of the eye.
Normally the retina:
1) has grayish-white colour
2) has brown colour
3) has orange colour
4) is transparent and doesn’t have colour
Ans: 4 3 2 1( 4, 3, 2, 1 )

Using numbers or arrows, connect the two columns which show the different types of astigmatism and their characteristics:

1. straight
2. reverse (opposite)
3. oblique
4. simple
5. compound
6. mixed
7. regular
8. irregular

one of the principal meridians is emmetropic while the other is ametropic 4 1 2 3 5 6 7 8( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
principal meridians are 90° and 180° and the 90° meridian refracts stronger 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
principal meridians are 90° and 180° and the 180° meridian refracts stronger 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
the two principal meridians are ametropic but they are either both (+) or both (-) 5 1 2 3 4 6 7 8( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 )
the two principal meridians are ametropic and one of them is (+) while the other is (-) 6 1 2 3 4 5 7 8( 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 )
principal meridians are not 90° and 180° (for example 75° and 165°) 3 1 2 4 5 6 7 8( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
principal meridians are perpendicular 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6( 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 )
principal meridians are not perpendicular 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7( 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 )