A level Chemistry conditions and reagents

Synthetic routes involving ALKENES

FORMATION of Alkenes

1. Halogenoalkanes > Alkene

2. Alcohol > Alkene

PRODUCTS formed from alkene:

1. Alkene > halogenoalkane

2. Alkene > (alkane with Br & OH)

3. Alkene > alcohol

4. Alkene > Alkane

5. Alkene > di-ol

Oxidation of Alkene

Synthetic route involving BENZENE and METHYLBENZENE

PRODUCTS formed from benzene:

1. Benzene > BromoBenzene

2. Benzene > Amine

* 2-step process

3. Benzene > MethylBenzene

PRODUCTS formed from methylbenzene:

1. MethylBenzene > 2,4-directing NO2 attached

2. MethylBenzene > 2,4-directing bromine attached

3. MethylBenzene > halogen attached directly to -CH3

4. MethylBenzene > carboxylic acid

Synthetic routes involving HALOGENOALKANES

FORMATION of halogenoalkane:
1. Alkane > Halogenoalkane

2. Alkene > Halogenoalkane

3. Alcohol > Halogenoalkane

PRODUCTS from halogenoalkane

1. Halogenoalkane > Alcohol
(Substitution)

2. Halogenoalkane > Alkene
(Elimination)

3. Halogenoalkane > Amine

4. 2-step process to from Amine

5. 2-step process to form carboxylic acid & carboxylate

Synthetic route involving Primary alcohols

FORMATION of Primary Alcohols:

1. Alkene > Alcohol

2. Halogenoalkane > alcohol

3. Aldehyde > alcohol

4. carboxylic acid > alcohol

PRODUCTS formed from primary alcohol:

1. Alcohol > halogenoalkane

2. Alcohol > Aldehyde

3. Alcohol > Carboxylic acid

4. Alcohol > Alkene

5. Alcohol > salt
*acid+metal

Synthetic routes involving Secondary Alcohols

FORMATION of secondary alcohols:
1. Alkene > alcohol

2. Halogenoalkane > alcohol

3. Ketone > Alcohol

PRODUCTS formed from secondary alcohols

1. alcohol > halogenoalkane

2. Alcohol > ketone

3. Alcohol > alkene

4. Alcohol > salt
* acid + metal

Synthetic routes involving ALDEHYDES

FORMATION of aldehyde:

1. alcohol > aldehyde

PRODUCTS formed from aldehyde:

1. aldehyde > carboxylic acid

2. Aldehyde > Alcohol

3. Aldehyde > Amine
* 2-step process

4. Aldehyde > Carboxylic acid
*2-step process

5. Aldehyde > carboxylate
* 2-step process

Synthetic routes involving KETONES

FORMATION of ketones:

1. alcohol > Ketone

PRODUCTS formed from ketones:

1. ketone > alcohol

2. ketone > amine
* 2-step process

3. ketone > carboxylic acid
*2-step process

4. Ketone > carboxylate
*2-step process

Synthetic routes involving CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

FORMATION of carboxylic acids:
1. Alkene > carboxylic acid

2. alcohol > carboxylic acid

3. aldehyde > carboxylic acid

4. nitrile > carboxylic acid
(*Hydrolysis)

5. Acid chloride > carboxylic acid

6. ester > carboxylic acid

PRODUCTS formed from Carboxylic acid:

1. carboxylic acid > alcohol

2. carboxylic acid > acid chloride

3. carboxylic acid > carboxylate

4. carboxylic acid > ammonia salt?