Name 4 biopharmaceutical properties that affect the bioavailability of an oral drug

What cell culture model is used to predict or measure permeability?

What class of drug is spironolactone?

What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?

What is the main cause of left sided heart failure?

What is the main cause of right sided heart failure?

Name three common symptoms of Heart Failure

Name 3 diagnostic tests used to confirm a diagnosis of heart failure

What two drugs used in the treatment of HF can cause hyperkalaemia

What are the four aims for the treatment of Heart Failure?

What four things should be monitored after initiating ACE inhibitor therapy?

Name the 3 ACE inhibitor survival trials

When should an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) be used in heart failure treatment?

What three Beta blockers are used in the treatment of HF?

What is the name of the trial that showed a 30% reduction in risk of death when using spironolactone to treat heart failure?

What does HFpEF mean?

What does HFrEF mean?

What are the 4 determinants of Cardiac Output?

What is preload?

What is afterload?

What is heart failure with a reduced Ejection Fraction also known as?

What is Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction also known as?

What is the short term effect of activating the sympathetic nervous system in HF?

What is the long term effect of activating the sympathetic nervous system in HF?

What level of BNP in the blood indicates no heart failure?