Which if the following best describes the ascus?
A sexual spore bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi
A vegatitive body not differentiated into organs
A sexual spore bearing cell found in basidiomycete fungi
A transverse wall dividing hypha into sections
Which of the following groups have no known sexual stage?
Zygomycota
Deuteromycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
Which of the following can fully break down lignin? a) soft rot fungi b) white rot fungi c) hard rot fungi d) heart rot fungi
a,b and c
a only
b only
b and d
What enzymes do fungi use to break down lignin?
Lignin oxidises and phenol peroxidases
Lignin peroxidases and phenol oxidases
Lignin peroxidases, phenol oxidises and laccases
Lignin oxidases, phenol peroxidases and laccases
What is the typical shape of ascomycetes fruiting body (ascocarp)?
Cup-shaped
Mushroom
ball shaped
Shelf shaped
After which stage of the lifecycle do the fungi nuclei become diploid?
During plasmogamy
During karyogamy
During mitosis
During meiosis
How is the dikaryotic mycelium maintained?
Using active transport
Through clamp connections
Through connexins
Through diffusion
Which of the following features is specific to the basidiomycetes?
Woronin body
Dolipore
Septal pore
Ascocarp
What maintains polarity in hyphae tips?
Microtubules
Actin filaments
Protein kinases
The nucleus
Which of these is a function of a fungal cell wall? Select the correct tickbox(es).
As a molecular sieve to regulate the passage of molecules
To prevent osmotic lysis
To allow enzymes such as invertase to bind
To protect cells from UV radiation
What does Glucan provide in the cell wall?
Rigidity
Flexibility
Energy storage
Insulation
How many ascospores are produced by the division of one ascus?
2
4
8
16
True or False? The hyphae that make up toadstools are dikaryotic.
An agar plate has been innoculated with fungal spore. A diagram has been labelled with 4 distinctive zones. What are the correct names for the areas labelled A, B, C and D?
A=Peripheral/elongation zone B=Productive zone C=Aged zone D= Fruiting zone
A=Peripheral/elongation zone B= Fruiting zone C=Productive zone D=Aged zone
A=Productive zone B= Peripheral/elongation zone C= Fruiting zone D= Aged zone
A= Peripheral/elongation zone B= Productive zone C= Fruiting zone D= Aged zone
In which zone do aerial hyphae grow and septal pores become plugged?
Aged zone
productive zone
fruiting zone
peripheral/elongation zone
True or false? You are likely to find ruderal fungi in areas of dense, well developed forest.
Which of these is a secondary invader of Pine?
Leptographium lundbergii
Heterobasidium annosum
Peniophora gigantea
Trichoderma viride
Fungi can form mycorrizhal associations with plants. What beneficial nutrients may plants receive from this association?
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Oxygen
Sugars
Potassium
Where would you find a Hartig Net?
In between epidermal root cells of a plant invaded with ectomycorrhizal fungi
In the lumen of plant root cells invaded with endomycorrhizal fungi.
What are Arbuscules?
Specialised bundles of hyphae for nutrient absorption.
Spore producing structures in ascomycetes.
Part of the pre penetration apparatus used to invade a plant root.
A network of hyphae that grow in between root epidermal cells.
What is a biotrophic fungi?
A fungi that invades and kills tissues
A fungi that invades but does not kill tissues
A fungi that invades and forms a beneficial association with a plant.
Which of these structures are typical features of a biotrophic infection?
Appressorium
Haustorium
Flagellum
Infection peg
What do plants use to protect themselves from fungal infections?
Phytoalexins
PALDOXINS
Cutinase
Immunoglobins
Which of the following is spread by beetles?
Potato blight
Dutch Elm disease
Ash dieback
Wheat rust Ug99
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