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Explain "Backward failure"
In pt w/ LEFT heart failure + "backward failure", which organ does this phenomenon affects and what is the consequence?
In pt w/ RIGHT heart failure + "backward failure", which organ does this phenomenon affects and what is the consequence?
Cardiac Dysfunction in Decompensated Heart Failure will result in ....?
What are the factors affecting Stroke volume?
Preload is
Afterload is ....?
In a normal heart, increase in afterload (e.g., increased aortic pressure) --------- SV, and causes ESV to --------?
In a normal heart, an increase in inotropy (e.g., produced by sympathetic activation of the heart) -------- SV and --------- ESV.
In a normal heart, increase in preload will lead to --------- ventricular contractility, ---------- EDV and ------- SV?
