Internationally, work energy is measured in ________.
kilonewtons
kiloliters
kilometers
kilojoules
kilograms
Calories or kcalories are a measure of _______ energy.
heat
work
potential
surface
light
Which of the following statements best describes the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a nutrient?
it is set more than twice as high as the average person needs
it is the minimum amount that the average person needs in her diet
it is reflective of current dietary preferences and trends
it is designed to prevent deficiency diseases of about half of the general population
it is designed to meet the needs of nearly all healthy people
What is a weakness of an epidemiological study?
Results from animal studies cannot be applied to human beings.
Cause and effect cannot be proven
The list of possible causes of disease is difficult to narrow down.
Findings on some human beings cannot be generalized to all human beings.
Code of ethics prevent certain treatments.
Which of the following statements describes a double-blind experiment?
Neither group of subjects knows whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do know.
Neither the subjects nor the persons having contact with the subjects know the true purpose of the experiment.
Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental groups.
The experimental and control groups take turns getting each treatment.
Which of the following statements accurately describes nutrient intakes?
Nutrient intakes above the UL put an individual at risk of toxicity
A typical nutrient intake falling between the RDA and the EAR is almost always adequate.
Nutrient intakes below the EAR decrease the risk of deficiency.
Nutrient intakes above the RDA are required to be safe.
Higher nutrient intakes are always safer than lower intakes.
For those who do not smoke or drink alcohol excessively, the one choice that can influence chronic disease risks more than any other is ________.
avoiding toxins
diet
physical activity
hand-washing
safe sex
Your research findings suggest "the less vitamin C, the fewer colds." What do your findings suggest?
No correlation
A placebo effect
A negative correlation
Validity
A positive correlation
Farah is a movie fan and always eats a big bucket of buttery popcorn at the theater. Her food choice is most likely based on ____.
values
emotional comfort
positive association
functional value
regional cuisine
The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for a nutrient meets the needs of about ________ of the population.
50%
25%
75%
98%
5%
You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human double-blind experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. The researcher instantly informs you that there are two errors in your research practice. What steps should you have taken to conduct your experiment correctly?
You should have prevented yourself from knowing what was in the pill bottles, and distributed the bottles randomly to the subjects.
You should have allowed the subjects to decide whether they take vitamin C or the placebo, and then given them the opposite of what they requested.
You should have given all the boys the vitamin C and all the girls the placebo, and then told them what they were getting.
You should have distributed the bottles randomly, randomizing the subjects, and then told them what they were getting.
You should have told the subjects which group they were in, while preventing yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles.
Which part of a research article defines key terms, study design, subjects, and procedures?
abstract
introduction
references
methodology
results
Which of the following statements accurately describes vitamins?
Almost every action in the body requires the assistance of vitamins.
Vitamins are indestructible.
Vitamins are inorganic and do not provide energy.
Cooking vegetables at high temperatures helps maintain the vitamins.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are water-soluble vitamins.
Of the top seven causes of death in the United States, how many are linked with diet?
5
4
2
7
1
To be accepted into the body of nutrition knowledge, research findings must stand up to rigorous, repeated testing in experiments conducted by other researchers. This is called ________.
randomization
anecdotal evidence
validity
correlation
replication
Which of the following terms is defined as the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activities of nutrients?
Nutritional genetics
Biochemical nutrition
Genetic metabolomics
Genetic counseling
Nutritional genomics
There are ________ vitamins and each has its own special dietary role to play.
16
8
13
23
26
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a nutrient meets the needs of about ________ of the population.
Researchers benefit from a large sample size because ________.
it increases the likelihood of double-blind results
any placebo effect is eliminated
the control group will more like the experimental group
experimenter bias is less likely to have an effect
chance variation is less likely to affect the results
What is the purpose of the Healthy People program?
To identify national trends in food consumption
To decrease health care costs
To identify leading causes of death in the United States
To establish the DRI
To set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years
