Observed Score

How do we calculate an Centered Score?

Sum of squares
- what is it a measure of?
- how is it calculated?

When is the sum of squares larger?

Sum of products
- what is it a measure of?
- how is it calculated?

When is SP positive? negative?

Independent vs. dependent variable

Degrees of freedom

True/false the sum of centered scores is 0

How is variance calculated?

How does the standard deviation relate to the variance?

What is the purpose of taking the square root of the variance?

True or False/ the ratio between N-1 and N approached unity as N increases

Standard Scores
- What are they?
- What is a common form?

What does a Z score indicate?

simple correlation

When a simple correlation positive? when is it negative?

How is the simple correlation calculated?

What is the standardized sum of products?